History of Neurosurgery in Kenya, East Africa

Qureshi, Mubashir Mahmood; Oluoch-Olunya, D

doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2010.02.014

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the frequency of trepanantions is higher in certain parts of the world, notably South America: Peru is recognized as a major source of ancient trepanned crania (Campillo, 1984;Verano and Finger, 2009;Verano and Andrushko, 2010), the earliest of which was dated between 200 BCE and 400 AD and came from the burial site of Paracas (Verano, 2003). These first trepanations were a 'primitive' form of surgery that can also be observed today among certain extant groups such as the Kisii from Kenya, or Polynesian islanders (Ackerknecht, 1947;Margetts, 1967;Campillo, 1984;Sheehan et al, 2005;Qureshi and Oluoch-Olunya, 2010). Although not the first reported example, the first case of cranial trepanation clearly identified, correctly interpreted and eventually generally accepted was the pre-Columbian Peruvian skull studied by the French surgeon and anthropologist Paul Pierre Broca (1867).…”

Section: Trepanations In Time and Spacementioning

confidence: 94%

Evidence of trepanations in a medieval population (13th-14th century) of northern Spain (Gormaz, Soria)

López

Caro

Pardiñas

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The goal of this study is to describe briefly two trepanned cranial specimens from a Spanish medieval archaeological site. One of them belongs to a mature male in which a grooving trepanation technique was used. The other is a mature female skull in which a scraping procedure was performed. The historical context of the individuals is assessed, as well as characteristics from both trepanations and evidence of survival after the intervention. In the female skull, signs of osseous regeneration can be observed, which imply survival after the operation. No survival signs can be found in the male skull. Possible causes that could have motivated the intervention are also discussed.

show abstract

Section: Trepanations In Time and Spacementioning

confidence: 94%

Evidence of trepanations in a medieval population (13th-14th century) of northern Spain (Gormaz, Soria)

López

Caro

Pardiñas

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Managing hydrocephalus peri-and postoperatively is challenged by limits in neurosurgical manpower, supportive consultations, ICU capabilities, imaging technology, operative tools, and medications. 20,38,47,58,76 Government remuneration models also contribute unique challenges to conducting pediatric neurosurgery in the developing world. In Kenya for instance, the government's health care budget is $15/year per person, resulting in a large discrepancy between the capacity to treat and the ability to afford treatment.…”

Section: Major Challenges Limitations In Health Care Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Kenya for instance, the government's health care budget is $15/year per person, resulting in a large discrepancy between the capacity to treat and the ability to afford treatment. 47 With many families making a daily income of $2, it makes affording a CT scan ($75) impossible for most. 47 The provision of care at the Kijabe Hospital in Kenya is further complicated by the government's remuneration of $29 per day for hospital operating costs.…”

Section: Major Challenges Limitations In Health Care Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…47 With many families making a daily income of $2, it makes affording a CT scan ($75) impossible for most. 47 The provision of care at the Kijabe Hospital in Kenya is further complicated by the government's remuneration of $29 per day for hospital operating costs. 47 Similarly, in Guatemala, a mere $256 per capita is spent on health care, whereas the United States spends $6096 per capita.…”

Section: Major Challenges Limitations In Health Care Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…47 The provision of care at the Kijabe Hospital in Kenya is further complicated by the government's remuneration of $29 per day for hospital operating costs. 47 Similarly, in Guatemala, a mere $256 per capita is spent on health care, whereas the United States spends $6096 per capita. 37 Therefore, the majority of hydrocephalus care is financially supported by funding agencies and donations of surgical materials by manufacturers in developed nations and the surgeon's personal expense.…”

Section: Major Challenges Limitations In Health Care Infrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Global surgery for pediatric hydrocephalus in the developing world: a review of the history, challenges, and future directions

Muir

Wang

Warf

2016

FOC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE Pediatric hydrocephalus is one of the most common neurosurgical conditions and is a major contributor to the global burden of surgically treatable diseases. Significant health disparities exist for the treatment of hydrocephalus in developing nations due to a combination of medical, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. This review aims to provide the international neurosurgery community with an overview of the current challenges and future directions of neurosurgical care for children with hydrocephalus in low-income countries. METHODS The authors conducted a literature review around the topic of pediatric hydrocephalus in the context of global surgery, the unique challenges to creating access to care in low-income countries, and current international efforts to address the problem. RESULTS Developing countries face the greatest burden of pediatric hydrocephalus due to high birth rates and greater risk of neonatal infections. This burden is related to more general global health challenges, including malnutrition, infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal risk factors, and education gaps. Unique challenges pertaining to the treatment of hydrocephalus in the developing world include a preponderance of postinfectious hydrocephalus, limited resources, and restricted access to neurosurgical care. In the 21st century, several organizations have established programs that provide hydrocephalus treatment and neurosurgical training in Africa, Central and South America, Haiti, and Southeast Asia. These international efforts have employed various models to achieve the goals of providing safe, sustainable, and cost-effective treatment. CONCLUSIONS Broader commitment from the pediatric neurosurgery community, increased funding, public education, surgeon training, and ongoing surgical innovation will be needed to meaningfully address the global burden of untreated hydrocephalus.

show abstract

Over 4,500 years of trepanation in Poland: From the unknown to therapeutic advisability

Lorkiewicz

Mietlińska

Karkus

et al. 2018

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper discusses 6 trepanned skulls from central Poland, dating from the late Neolithic (3,000-2,800 BC) to early modern times (18th century AD). Four of them come from a small area in and around the town of Brześć Kujawski in Kujawy, a region of long-lasting and intense human settlement in Poland. The analysed skulls provide striking evidence for the long history of trepanation in this part of Europe. Three surgical techniques were used: sawing, scraping, and drilling, either on their own or in combination with one another. Regardless of the method, all the trepanations were fully healed, which proves long-term survival of the patients. All skulls belonged to adult males, who were generally at a higher risk of trauma in the populations from which 4 of the specimens derive. The studied skulls demonstrate a marked evolution in trepanation practices over time. Trepanations from the late medieval and early modern times tend to be smaller, less life threatening, and clearly made for therapeutic purposes to remedy cranial injuries. The remarkable skills of the surgeons who performed them could be linked to the influence of the renowned Danzig Anatomical School in Gdańsk, which was one of the leading centres of medical and anatomical research in northern and central Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries.

show abstract

History of Neurosurgery in Kenya, East Africa

Cited by 35 publications

References 1 publication

Evidence of trepanations in a medieval population (13th-14th century) of northern Spain (Gormaz, Soria)

Evidence of trepanations in a medieval population (13th-14th century) of northern Spain (Gormaz, Soria)

Global surgery for pediatric hydrocephalus in the developing world: a review of the history, challenges, and future directions

Over 4,500 years of trepanation in Poland: From the unknown to therapeutic advisability

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About