History of Public Health

Rosen, George

doi:10.1126/science.129.3343.236-b

Cited by 87 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…One example is the German pathologist Rudolf Virchow , who postulated that the study of living conditions has to be followed by appropriate action. Active promotion of his findings led to a proper sewage system and clean water supply for the people in his hometown Berlin (Rosen 1993). We think it is our ethical obligation to disseminate our ideas and results in various forms and formats and engage in a dialogue with those we have identified as stakeholders, thus fostering the use of our research results.…”

Section: The Role Of the Scientistmentioning

confidence: 97%

Strategies to enhance the use of health systems research for health sector reform

Sauerborn

Nitayarumphong

Gerhardus

1999

Tropical Med Int Health

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SummaryIn spite of frequent claims to the contrary, there is very little evidence that health systems research actually influences policy-making. Based on a case study from Thailand and a literature review, we develop a stakeholder-oriented model of policy-making. We argue that only if stakeholders' needs are taken into consideration during design and implementation of scientific projects and dissemination of the results, research will have a chance to influence the policy process. From this model, we derive a five-step approach to enhance the use of research by various stakeholders. We then propose institutional arrangements and conditions to make the use of research for policy-making more sustainable.keywords Health policy, health care reform, policy-making, decision-making, health system research, evidence-based medicine, research use correspondence Prof. Rainer Sauerborn,

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Section: The Role Of the Scientistmentioning

confidence: 97%

Strategies to enhance the use of health systems research for health sector reform

Sauerborn

Nitayarumphong

Gerhardus

1999

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…16 Public Health has, however, been adept at adapting to society's emerging problems. Despite this, Hanlon et al 17 note that public health is now facing a number of emerging crises revolving around epidemics of obesity, drug and alcohol misuse, increased rates of depression and anxiety, reductions in general well-being, and widening global health inequalities.…”

Section: The Scope Of Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is violence a disease? Situating violence prevention in public health policy and practice

Williams

Donnelly

2014

Public Health

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The paper provides a review of some of the thoughts, ideas, and opinions that pervade the public health literature concerning how to classify or conceptualise violence. It is argued that violence transcends classic distinctions between communicable and noncommunicable diseases, distinguishes itself from the discipline of injury control, and is influenced by wider, social determinants. Through a discussion of these varied perspectives it is concluded that a fourth revolution in public health is needed -a "change in scope" revolution -that recognizes the influence of social justice, economics, and globalization in the aetiology of premature death and ill health, into which violence fits. However, rather than be shackled by debates of definition or classification, it is important that public health acknowledges the role it can play in preventing violence through policy and practice, and takes unified action.

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“…38 But the concept was in many ways alien to British thought, as Buchan recognized "The importance of a proper medical police is either not understood or very little regarded".89 The phrase "medical police", probably first used by Wolfgang Thomas Rau in 1764, had obviously become accepted currency in some British circles. 40 As Temkin has shown, the intensification of the fight against infection was a consequence of other factors besides industrialization.4" It was also the result of a changing concept of personal cleanliness. During the eighteenth century the idea of cleanliness, besides its aesthetic connotations, was becoming associated with the concept of personal filth as a cause of disease.…”

Section: The Health Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

William Buchan: Medicine Laid Open

Lawrence¹

1975

Med. Hist.

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THE AUTHORSHIP OF DOMESTIC MEDICINE MEDICAL WORKS for the layman in the eighteenth century reflect the diversity of the contemporary medical doctrines which they implicitly transmitted to the public. These books did however distort the teachings of the schools in a variety of ways: by their use of the vernacular and less technical language; their practical emphasis; through the ingenuity or otherwise of the author; and their tendency to eclecticism. The public acclaim of a particular work did not necessarily indicate the orthodox status of the system it adopted, for example the success of John Wesley's extreme empiricism in his Primitive physic. William Buchan's Domestic medicine was no doubt written for economic reasons as well as for the humanitarian purpose of providing a substitute for the deficiencies of medical care. But besides this, its author saw a useful, even necessary virtue in "laying Medicine more open to mankind".' Considering the vast sales of the book, it undoubtedly laid open a particular view of medicine to a large public in an age anxious for education. This view, though diverse in its origins, was ultimately grounded in the intellectual climate of mid-eighteenthcentury Edinburgh. Domestic medicine was a household guide to diagnosis and therapy. It achieved during its lifespan of one hundred and forty-four years a popularity rivalled only by John Wesley's Primitive physic. First published in Edinburgh in 1769, new editions, reprints and pirated versions appeared every few years in Britain until 1846. There were also several editions in French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, German, Russian and Swedish. In America it enjoyed great longevity, for after the first edition was published in Philadelphia in 1771, Domestic medicine continued to appear from a variety of towns and at frequent intervals until its demise at Boston in 1913. Throughout its many variations the basic form of the book remained unchanged. It consisted of two main parts, a general section on the causes of disease and their prevention, and a detailed description of a wide range of disorders. Diseases were grouped under fairly broad headings; none of the more detailed nosologies of the time was adopted. Domestic medicine was apparently written by two Scotsmen, William Buchan the accredited author, and William Smellie, whose name only appeared as the printer of the first edition. Brief biographies indicate the similar erudition and outlook of these men and help to explain the character of the book. There is little authoritative material for Buchan's life. He was born in Ancrum,

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History of Public Health

Cited by 87 publications

References 1 publication

Strategies to enhance the use of health systems research for health sector reform

Strategies to enhance the use of health systems research for health sector reform

Is violence a disease? Situating violence prevention in public health policy and practice

William Buchan: Medicine Laid Open

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