History of Robotic Surgery

Evolution of Surgical Robot Systems Enhanced by Artificial Intelligence: A Review

“…[215,216] e) ZEUS robotic system, introduced in 1998, was used for fallopian tube anastomosis and coronary artery grafting. [14] f ) da Vinci robotic system by Intuitive Surgical was used in radical prostatectomy and hysterectomy procedures. [15] g) Versius robotic system, introduced by Cambridge Medical Robotics Surgical in 2018, features ergonomic controllers and an open console design.…”

“…A surgeon in New York successfully operated on a patient in Strasbourg, France, utilizing the ZEUS robot and SOCRATES telecollaboration system; this operation, lasting 54 min, encountered no technical difficulties. [ 14 ] Simultaneously, during the development of the ZEUS system, Intuitive Surgical Inc., established in 1995, developed the da Vinci SRS in 1998. It has emerged as one of the most successful SRS platforms, offering enhanced ergonomics with seven degrees of freedom, two axes of rotation, a stereoscopic viewer, and a control pedal, significantly improving surgeon control.…”

“…e) Reproduced with permission. [ 14 ] Copyright 2022, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. f) Reproduced with permission.…”

“…d) ROBODOC, made by Integrated Surgical Systems (ISS, Santa Monica, CA) in 1992, was the first robot used for robot-assisted total hip replacement surgery [215,216]. e) ZEUS robotic system, introduced in 1998, was used for fallopian tube anastomosis and coronary artery grafting [14]. f ) da Vinci robotic system by Intuitive Surgical was used in radical prostatectomy and hysterectomy procedures [15].…”

“…Copyright 2019, Nature Publishing Group. e) Reproduced with permission [14]. Copyright 2022, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.…”