History of Sexual Violence in Higher Education

Jessup-Anger, Jody E.; Lopez, Elise; Koss, Mary P.

doi:10.1002/ss.20249

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…According to the students that replied to the questionnaire, nearly 8% of them experienced sexual violence—more specifically forced sex—from university staff, other students or patients. Awareness of sexual violence in the academic routine gradually improved over the last 30 years . With research dedicated to the field, the scientific literature clearly pointed out that sexual violence became endemic in university campuses .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emotional, physical and sexual violence against female students undergoing medical, dental and psychology courses in South Brazil

Magrin

Franco

Makeeva

et al. 2019

Eur J Dental Education

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Violence against women is a hot topic in the spotlight of contemporary science. In the academy, most of the courses are structured in a hierarchical system, in which students-especially female-become potentially vulnerable to emotional, physical and even sexual harm. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and the study-associated factors of emotional, physical and sexual violence against female students in medical, dental and psychological courses in South Brazil. A questionnaire-based survey was performed combining two previously validated tools for the investigation of workplace violence. The questionnaires were digitally provided to women undergoing medicine, dentistry and psychology courses in South Brazil. The study was conducted between April and July, 2018. The final sample consisted of 241 students (57 medical students; 91 dental students and 93 psychology students). Reports of general violence reached a prevalence rate of 45.2%. In particular, emotional violence reached 78.9% of the cases, whilst physical and sexual violence reached 4.6% and 8.3%, respectively. Amongst the identified offenders, professors figured as the most prevalent (18.4%). Alarming rates of violence against women were detected in this study. Institutional preventive strategies must be designed to protect female students in their study/workplace and enable a safe routine of academic activities. K E Y W O R D Sstudents, university, violence, women

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Awareness of sexual violence in the academic routine gradually improved over the last 30 years. 21 With research dedicated to the field, the scientific literature clearly pointed out that sexual violence became endemic in university campuses. 22 This panorama is global.…”

Section: Sexual Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional, physical and sexual violence against female students undergoing medical, dental and psychology courses in South Brazil

Magrin

Franco

Makeeva

et al. 2019

Eur J Dental Education

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is against this background that the form and content of violence reduction programs began to emerge. For example, the programs were designed and implemented without time for pilot work or systematic program evaluation prior to deployment (Coker et al., ; Jessup‐Anger, Lopez, & Koss, ). They were constructed out of existing theoretical approaches that were assumed a priori to be relevant.…”

Section: Bystander Informed Violence Reduction Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking the Bystander Effect in Violence Reduction Training Programs

Levine

Philpot

Kovalenko

2019

Social Issues Policy Review

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Many violence prevention programs include a focus on the role of bystanders and third parties in violence prevention training. Central to this work has been the classic social psychological research on the "bystander effect". However, recent research on bystander behavior shows that the bystander effect does not hold in violent or dangerous emergencies. Meta-analyses of the literature show that the presence of others can facilitate as well as inhibit intervention in emergencies. Studies of real-life bystander behavior captured on CCTV cameras shows that some bystander intervention is the norm and that the likelihood of bystanders being victimized is low. One reason for the limited effectiveness of violence reduction programs may be their approach to bystanders. We argue that violence reduction programs should: recognize that some intervention is likely (although it may not always be successful); see the group as a route to successful intervention rather than a threat to the likelihood of any single individual becoming an intervener; inform bystanders of the real risks of victimization; utilize the power of social relations between bystanders, victims, and perpetrators to enhance successful intervention; seek to deliver bystander intervention training in situ, rather than away from the context of the aggression or violence.

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“…However, postsecondary institutions continue to grapple with effectively addressing the problem (Black et al, 2011;Fedina et al, 2018;James, 2017;Richards, 2016). Postsecondary institutions face multiple barriers, such as institutional leadership's propensity to systematically underestimate the issue (Jessup-Anger et al, 2018;Straumsheim, 2015). Indeed, a survey of 647 college presidents found that just 32% either strongly agreed or agreed that sexual assault was prevalent at U.S. colleges and universities (Jaschik & Lederman, 2015, p. 18).…”

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confidence: 99%

Developing an Effective Campus Sexual Assault Prevention Task Force: Lessons Learned From Multiple Midwestern Universities

et al. 2020

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Background/Aim. Developing a comprehensive prevention strategy requires a coordinated effort among campus stakeholders. Creating a campus sexual assault prevention task force consisting of key stakeholders is a way to ensure coordinated and sustainable prevention efforts. Understanding how to convene and maintain an effective campus prevention task force is important. However, there is little literature offering such guidance. In this article, we present the facilitators, barriers, and lessons learned from creating a campus sexual assault prevention task force in seven Midwestern postsecondary institutions. Method. Our data come from interviews with 25 key stakeholders, representing seven Midwestern postsecondary institutions. Questions focused on the perceived strengths and capacity to form a campus prevention task force, barriers, current campus knowledge, and attitudes toward sexual assault, current institutional support for prevention efforts, and current prevention programing. Results. Main barriers to developing a task force included (a) limited capacity, (b) lack of knowledge, (c) limited student engagement, and (d) bureaucratic structure. Facilitators included (a) strong interpersonal relationships, (b) a positive campus culture, and (c) preexisting programing.

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History of Sexual Violence in Higher Education

Abstract: In this chapter, we describe the history of sexual violence as it pertains to postsecondary institutions, focusing on social movements, research, and policy, and their implications for higher education.

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

Emotional, physical and sexual violence against female students undergoing medical, dental and psychology courses in South Brazil

Emotional, physical and sexual violence against female students undergoing medical, dental and psychology courses in South Brazil

Rethinking the Bystander Effect in Violence Reduction Training Programs

Developing an Effective Campus Sexual Assault Prevention Task Force: Lessons Learned From Multiple Midwestern Universities

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