History of the American Medical Association from its Organization up to January, 1855

Davis, Nathan

doi:10.1097/00000441-185601000-00020

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…From its beginning, the AMA had established its aims to protect what it considered regular medicine and excluded competing health professions. 58,61 The AMA was founded with the goal to contain other professions in the name of science and to eliminate what the AMA defined as quackery, even though the medical practices of that time (eg, bloodletting and purging or practicing surgery without aseptic technique) might be considered quackery by today's standards. The leaders of the AMA had been attacking and eliminating other professions for decades before chiropractic came onto the scene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lack of health care regulations resulted in a highly competitive marketplace and unsafe medical practices due to lack of training and lack of effective treatment methods. 57,58 For most of the 1800s, medicine was not a licensed profession throughout the United States. 54,59 In the 1840s, no certification was required for the practice of medicine; thus, ''almost anyone could practice 'medicine,' and many did.''…”

Section: American Medicine In the 1800smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They labeled other medical healers, who also called themselves ''medical doctors,'' with the term irregular to set themselves apart from these competing providers. 54,58,61 This distinction was important in that this exclusivity would eventually be used to restrain other health practitioners from practicing. The regular medical physicians wanted to create an elite organization in which only their members could participate within its infrastructure (eg, hospitals, universities, accreditation, research, education, and reimbursement).…”

Section: Regular Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The standard of preliminary or preparatory education should be greatly elevated, or rather, a standard should be fixed, for there is none now, either in theory or in practice.'' 58 This decision set the stage for the AMA to later use its control over education, the setting of standards, and licensure to limit who gained admittance into the field of medicine. This influence over who could enter the health care system also contributed to the eventual monopoly of health care by regular medicine.…”

Section: Birth Of the Amamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The AMA's founding fathers developed a code of ethics to outline professional behavior and declare what was considered acceptable practice among regular medical physicians. 58 The AMA Code of Ethics stated that AMA members' practices were to be based on science and that anyone who practiced outside of their views of science shall be shunned. This code of ethics helped the AMA exclude other practitioners who did not ascribe to the AMA's philosophical views.…”

Section: Birth Of the Amamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Looking back at the lawsuit that transformed the chiropractic profession part 1:Origins of the conflict

Johnson¹,

Green²

2021

Journal of Chiropractic Education

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Objective This paper is the first in a series that explores the historical events surrounding the Wilk v American Medical Association (AMA) lawsuit in which the plaintiffs argued that the AMA, the American Hospital Association, and other medical specialty societies violated antitrust law by restraining chiropractors' business practices. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief review of the history of the AMA and the origins of chiropractic and to explore how the AMA began its monopoly of health care in the United States, possible reasons that organized medicine acted against chiropractic, and how these events influenced the chiropractic profession. Methods This historical research study used a phenomenological approach to qualitative inquiry into the conflict between regular medicine and chiropractic and the events before, during, and after a legal dispute at the time of modernization of the chiropractic profession. We used primary and secondary data sources. The final narrative recount was developed into 8 papers that follow a successive time line. This paper is the first of the series and explores the origins of the aversion of organized American medicine to other health professions and the origins of the chiropractic profession. Results The AMA began in the mid-1800s to unify like-minded “regular” medical physicians who developed a code of ethics and promoted higher educational standards. Their efforts to unify had excluded other types of health care providers, which they called “irregular” practitioners. However, Americans were seeking more natural alternatives to the harsh methods that regular medical physicians offered at that time. Nearly 50 years after the AMA began, the chiropractic profession attempted to emerge during a time when many patients valued vitalism and their freedom to choose what health care provider they would access. Conclusion During the years that chiropractic developed as a healing profession, organized medicine was already well established and developing a monopoly in American health care. These events created the foundation on which the tensions between these professions were built and ultimately resulted in the Wilk v AMA lawsuit.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: American Medicine In the 1800smentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regular Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Birth Of the Amamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Birth Of the Amamentioning

confidence: 99%

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