History of the bubble chamber and related active- and internal-target nuclear tracking detectors

Bubble Chambers for Dark Matter Detection

“…One of the most interesting aspects of the bubble chamber is the flexibility to use a wide range of materials as the target. While developing this detection technique, Glaser worked with many superheated media including both liquid hydrogen (which became commonly used) and hydrocarbons such as ether and propane [2]. One of the most significant challenges concerned the triggering of the chamber when an event occurred in the target material.…”

“…Throughout the history of bubble chambers, there has been discussion around the use of scintillators as target materials. In particular, bubble chambers superheating noble elements (most commonly argon and xenon) have been built multiple times [2]. These are particularly attractive as the ability of the target to scintillate provides an additional channel through which deposited energy can be measured.…”