History of vaccine and immunization: Vaccine-hesitancy discussion in Germany in XIX century

Parodi, Alessandra; Martini, Mariano

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.029

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In addition, we wish to raise the need for further local studies to better understand the events, and in particular the attitudes, values and implicit standards of the authorities and communities around the health policies of the time. For this reason, we are in line with more recent historical works on smallpox epidemics that raise the need for historians to build more complete contexts to better understand public health strategies, the limits of medical science and local responses [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: The Pandemic Overseas and The Need To Provide Another Histor...supporting

confidence: 62%

The Smallpox Vaccine in Latin America: A New Approach (1801–1804)

Pérez

Villalobos

2023

Medicina

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The Royal Philanthropic Vaccine Expedition is considered in the history of medicine as the first international health expedition aimed at the global elimination of a contagious disease: smallpox. However, the initiatives carried out in this way before the arrival of the Balmis Expedition, by surgeons from the Spanish Navy, are less well known. Thus, the main objective of this research work is to offer an overview of the different anti-variolic vaccination initiatives prior to the campaign financed by the Spanish crown from these health facilities. Using the heuristic and hermeneutic method, our article is based on primary sources contrasted with specialised literature. The results obtained are presented in a narrative style from each of the surgeons identified as decisive in the implementation of the vaccine, thus providing a divergent and unpublished historiographic approach. As the facts described show, before the arrival of Balmis the vaccine substance was introduced in those countries thanks to the initiative of various surgeons: in Puerto Rico by Francisco Oller; in Cartagena and Santa Marta in Colombia by Ángel Hidalgo; in Venezuela by Alonso Ruiz; in Cuba by Tomás Romay and Bernardo de Cózar; in the Viceroyalty of New Granada (Colombia) by Lorenzo Vergés; in Guatemala by Miguel José Monzón and José María Ledesma; in the Viceroyalty of New Spain by Alejandro García Arboleya and Antonio Serrano; in Peru by Pedro Belomo; in Río de la Plata by Cristóbal Martín de Montúfar; in the Chilean region of Coquimbo by José María Gómez; and in the Philippines by Cristóbal Regidor. Finally, it should be noted that these surgeons and the approach presented are part of a historiography based on the personal actions of professionals trained, for the most part, at the Medical–Surgical School of Cadiz.

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Section: The Pandemic Overseas and The Need To Provide Another Histor...supporting

confidence: 62%

The Smallpox Vaccine in Latin America: A New Approach (1801–1804)

Pérez

Villalobos

2023

Medicina

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“… 5 43 More could be done both by public health campaigns and physicians to inform more about the utility of vaccinations. 15 69–71 Studies suggest that increasing vaccine education would also increase vaccine uptake, 10 and that public health messaging needs to be tailored to the different needs and wishes of target groups. 72 Messages highlighting the benefits of vaccines could also increase vaccine uptake, especially in the part of the population that is undecided about whether or not to get a vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine hesitancy among physicians: a qualitative study with general practitioners and paediatricians in Austria and Germany

Wojczewski,

Leitner,

Hoffmann

et al. 2024

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveThis study aims to understand reasons for vaccine hesitancy (VH) among general practioners (GPs) and paediatricians. We aim to analyse how and when the healthcare workers (HCWs) developed vaccine-hesitant views and how they transfer these to patients.Design and settingSemistructured interviews with vaccine-hesitant GPs and paediatricians were conducted in Austria and Germany using an explorative qualitative research design.ParticipantsWe contacted 41 physicians through letters and emails and 10 agreed to participate, five were male and five female.Data collection and analysisTen interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and anonymised. The material was analysed inductively following a grounded theory approach with open coding using the software atlas.ti.ResultsKey themes that were identified were education and career path, understanding of medicine and medical profession, experiences with vaccines, doctor–patient interactions and continuous education activities and the link to VH. GPs and paediatricians’ vaccine-hesitant attitudes developed during their medical training and, in particular, during extracurricular training in homeopathy, which most of the participants completed. Most participants work in private practices rather than with contracts with social insurance because they are not satisfied with the health system. Furthermore, they are critical of biomedicine. Most of the interview partners do not consider themselves antivaccination, but are sceptical towards vaccines and especially point out the side effects. Most do not vaccinate in their practices and some do only occasionally. Their vaccine-hesitant views are often fostered through respective online communities of vaccine-hesitant HCWs.ConclusionsMore studies on a connection between complementary medicine and vaccine-hesitant views of HCWs are needed. Education about vaccines and infectious diseases among healthworkers must increase especially tailored towards the use of internet and social media. Physicians should be made aware that through time and empathy towards their patients they could have a positive impact on undecided patients and parents regarding vaccine decisions.

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