Hitting weighted baseball enhances the experience of bat–ball contacts

Yang, Wen Wen; Liu, Yachen; Chen, Wei-Han; Tai, Hsing-Hao; Sato, Kimitake; Ma, Hsi-Pin; Liu, Chiang

doi:10.1080/14763141.2021.1890196

Cited by 3 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Increases in strength and power have been associated with improvements in swing speed (32,40); however, there are limited studies that indicate muscular endurance at the proximal core muscles to be a contributor to improved power and velocity at the distal extremities, such as in BSS. Cholwicki et al suggested that spinal stability requires submaximal muscular contributions, such as those required during a plank and even during heavy resistance training (7,8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability to swing a bat with great velocity will give a batter more time to examine the ball position(s) with more precision and potentially increase the effectiveness of the collision between the bat and ball (f 5 ma) while increasing both the ball speed and the distance traveled off the bat (11,36,40). It was hypothesized that both training interventions could potentially improve BSS in tandem with improvements in isometric muscular endurance, power and velocity of the proximal core segments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, synergy between the rotating proximal body segments of the human kinetic chain and the force-velocity production of the contributing muscles establish swing speed (3,17,19,25,28). Thus, strength and conditioning professionals continue to seek exercises that target muscular power and coordination between the pelvis, spine, and trunk (15,37,40).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several different types of resistance training techniques targeting BSS have been reported in the literature and often attempt to maximize appropriate resistance overloads while maintaining safety (10,11,13,37). A number of open and closed kinetic chain (CKC) resistance training programs involving upper and lower extremity push-pull movements from a variety of standing and seated positions have been introduced to maximize the power contributions between the appendicular skeletal muscles and the proximal core muscles necessary to increase BSS (4,10,11,13,31,37,40). Traditional resistance "weight" training, plyometric ball throws, resistance bands or cables, weighted bats, whole-body vibration, and body-supported sling training have been among some of the more common techniques used to target subsequent improvements in the proximal core musculature, muscular power, and swing speed (4,11,40).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of a Novel Weight-Supported Kinetic Chain Resistance Training Program on Proximal Core Muscular Endurance, Trunk-to-Arm Muscular Power, and Bat Swing Speed

Palmer,

McCabe

2023

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Palmer, TG, and McCabe, M. The effect of a novel weight-supported kinetic chain resistance training program on proximal core muscular endurance, trunk-to-arm muscular power, and bat swing speed. J Strength Cond Res 37(11): 2130–2140, 2023—Muscular stability and muscular power at the proximal core segments of the pelvis, spine, and trunk are essential attributes in maximizing bat swing speed in the sport of softball. Weight-supported kinetic chain resistance training (WsKC) is a novel closed kinetic chain technique that provides synergistic multiplanar stressors to the proximal core segments via the lower and upper extremities while limiting joint compression and sheer forces throughout the kinetic chain. The aim of this study was to assess the effect a 7-week preseason WsKC program would have on an isometric muscular endurance plank, trunk-to-arm peak muscular power (TAPP), trunk-to-arm peak velocity (TAPV), and bat swing speed (BSS) compared with a traditional isotonic weight resistance training program. Twenty-seven female high school softball players (age = 16 years, height = 167.6 cm, body mass = 62.86 kg) were assigned in a blocked randomization to one of 2 groups: a standing weight-supported kinetic chain resistance training (WsT) group (n = 13) or a pseudo-control traditional isotonic training (TT) group (n = 14). The WsT group had significant improvements (p < 0.05) for the isometric endurance plank (p = 0.001), TAPP (p = 0.002), TAPV (p = 0.001), and BSS (p = 0.02) compared with the TT group. The training effect size (ES) was large for the WsT group for all variables (ES = 1.0–7.4) and small to moderate for a majority of the TT variables (ES = 0.06–0.47). The simultaneous improvement in the isometric endurance plank, trunk-to-arm rotations, and BSS indicates that the WsKC contributed to subsequent improvements in BSS in high school softball players.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of a Novel Weight-Supported Kinetic Chain Resistance Training Program on Proximal Core Muscular Endurance, Trunk-to-Arm Muscular Power, and Bat Swing Speed

Palmer,

McCabe

2023

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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“…All participants were asked to grip the bat handle at the proximal end and assume their habitual batting stance. 18 Vicon Nexus 2.10.1. software was used for data recording, post-processing of the data, which included the marker labelling, reconstruction, and analyses of kinematic parameters. Marker data was filtered with a 4th order low-pass Butterworth filter with a cut off frequency of 6 Hz.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A biomechanical comparison of different baseball batting training methods

Chen

Chiu

Liu

et al. 2021

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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This study compared the kinematic parameters of swing mechanics under toss batting (TB), motor imagery (MI), video projection (VP), and virtual reality (VR) conditions during baseball batting. Nine college baseball players performed three swings to hit a tossed ball under TB conditions or a virtual ball under MI, VP, and VR conditions. The results revealed that upper trunk backward rotation was smaller in the loading phase under the VP and VR conditions than under the TB and MI conditions and lower under VR than under the VP condition ( p < 0.05) except at the load event. Pelvic backward rotation was smaller under the VR condition than under the TB, MI, and VP conditions ( p < 0.05). In the swing phase, TB demonstrated higher peak velocity at the head of the bat, lead elbow extension, and pelvis and upper trunk rotation than did MI, VP, and VR, whereas VP also demonstrated higher peak velocity in pelvic forward rotation than did VR ( p < 0.05). In summary, VR demonstrates a more realistic response in the loading phase and reduced pelvic backward rotation but lower movement velocities. Coaches should pay attention to movement differences between swing conditions when arranging a swing training plan.

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Impact Position Estimation for Baseball Batting with a Force-Irrelevant Vibration Feature

Chen

Feng

Yeh

et al. 2022

Sensors

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In this work we propose a novel method for impact position estimation during baseball batting, which is independent of impact intensity, i.e., force-irrelevant. In our experiments, we mount a piezoelectric vibration sensor on the knob of a wooden bat to record: (1) 3600 vibration signals (waveforms) from ball–bat impacts in the static experiment—30 impacts from each of 40 positions (distributed 1–40 cm from the end of the barrel) and 3 intensities (drop heights at 75, 100, and 125 cm, resp.), and (2) 45 vibration signals from actual battings by three baseball players in the dynamic experiment. The results show that the peak amplitude of the signal in the time domain, and the peaks of the first, second, and third eigenfrequencies (EFs) of the bat all increase with the impact intensity. However, the ratios of peaks at these three EFs (1st/2nd, 2nd/3rd, and 1st/3rd) hardly change with the impact intensity, and the observation is consistent for both the static and dynamic experiments across all impact positions. In conclusion, we have observed that the ratios of peaks at the first three EFs are a force-irrelevant feature, which can be used to estimate the impact position in baseball batting.

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Hitting weighted baseball enhances the experience of bat–ball contacts

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

The Effect of a Novel Weight-Supported Kinetic Chain Resistance Training Program on Proximal Core Muscular Endurance, Trunk-to-Arm Muscular Power, and Bat Swing Speed

The Effect of a Novel Weight-Supported Kinetic Chain Resistance Training Program on Proximal Core Muscular Endurance, Trunk-to-Arm Muscular Power, and Bat Swing Speed

A biomechanical comparison of different baseball batting training methods

Impact Position Estimation for Baseball Batting with a Force-Irrelevant Vibration Feature

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