Hittite Fortifications Between Function and Symbolism

Mielke, Dirk Paul

doi:10.2307/j.ctvh1dqkc.9

Cited by 5 publications

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“…The Hittite homeland was dotted with numerous places sacred to the godsnatural, man-made, or a combination of the two-which were visited regularly by the rulers of Hatti during various state-sponsored religious festivals. Recent work in landscape archaeology has documented how the Hittites interacted with and altered their landscape through extensive settlement policies and the founding or rebuilding of cities and cult places throughout the countryside, which demonstrates their deep affinity with the land in which they lived (Ullmann 2014;Mielke 2011Mielke , 2017. It is, therefore, not surprising that the majority of geographical content from the Hittite archives corresponds to the areas controlled by the Hittite state (Forlanini 2000: 9), and that the best represented region is the Land of Hatti with the capital Hattusa as its focal point.…”

Section: The Land Of Hattimentioning

confidence: 99%

Hittite Geographers: Geographical Perceptions and Practices in Hittite Anatolia

Gerçek

2017

Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History

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Hittite archives are remarkably rich in geographical data. A diverse array of documents has yielded, aside from thousands of geographical names (of towns, territories, mountains, and rivers), detailed descriptions of the Hittite state’s frontiers and depictions of landscape and topography. Historical geography has, as a result, occupied a central place in Hittitological research since the beginnings of the field. The primary aim of scholarship in this area has been to locate (precisely) or localize (approximately) regions, towns, and other geographical features, matching Hittite geographical names with archaeological sites, unexcavated mounds, and—whenever possible—with geographical names from the classical period. At the same time, comparatively little work has been done on geographical thinking in Hittite Anatolia: how and for what purpose(s) was geographical information collected, organized, and presented? How did those who produce the texts imagine their world and their homeland, “the Land of Hatti?” How did they characterize other lands and peoples they came into contact with? Concentrating on these questions, the present paper aims to extract from Hittite written sources their writers’ geographical conceptions and practices. It is argued that the acquisition and management of geographical information was an essential component of the Hittite Empire’s administrative infrastructure and that geographical knowledge was central to the creation of a Hittite homeland.

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Section: The Land Of Hattimentioning

confidence: 99%

Hittite Geographers: Geographical Perceptions and Practices in Hittite Anatolia

Gerçek

2017

Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History

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Hi̇ti̇t Kralliği’nda Kent Ve Ülke Savunmasi

Cevher

2021

Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi

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Anadolu’nun ilk merkezi krallığını kurmayı başaran Hititler, yaklaşık olarak 470 yıl süren egemenlik süreci boyunca savunma uygulamalarının ön planda tutulduğu bir politika benimsemişlerdir. Hitit Krallığı, bölgedeki varlığını tehdit eden oluşumlar karşısında ülke ve kent savunması temeline dayanan bir güvenlik politikası uygulamıştır. Ülke savunması, sınır hatları üzerindeki egemenliğin kontrol altında tutulması esasına dayanmaktadır. Hitit Krallığı’nın etrafını saran ve düşmanca bir tutum sergileyen krallıklar her daim sınır güvenliğini tehdit altında tutmuşlardır. Bu saldırıların başarıya ulaşması halinde savunma kurgusunun ikinci basamağı olan kent savunması Hitit Krallığı tarafından etkin bir uygulamaya tabi tutulmuştur. Hitit Krallığı kulelerle desteklenen sandık duvarlı sur sistemleri ve monumental kent kapıları ile ön plana çıkan kent savunması, kentlerdeki sosyo-ekonomik hayatın korunması, krallığın toparlanmak için ihtiyaç duyduğu zamanın sağlanması ve istilacı eylemler karşısında caydırıcı bir etkinin yaratılması amacına hizmet etmektedir. Bu makalede Hitit Krallığı’nın ülke ve kent savunması bağlamında uyguladığı yöntemler irdelenmiş olup, bu uygulamaların Hitit Krallığı’nın güvenlik politikaları kapsamındaki öneminin anlaşılmasına çalışılmıştır.

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Rulership and the Gods: The Role of Cultic Institutions in the Late Bronze to Iron Age Transition in Anatolia and Northern Syria

d’Alfonso

Lovejoy

2023

Studia Asiana

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This paper aims to demonstrate that cults and cultic institutions are a crucial element for understanding the processes producing different regional outcomes after the fall of the Hittite empire. In this paper, cults are understood as normative cosmic forces defining tempo and worldview of ancient societies. Cultic institutions can be identified as physical spaces defined by purity, charged with real and symbolic value, and led by specialists whose competence is recognised by the community. Instead of being a by-product of political complexity, they are a driving force behind the power dynamics because they are perceived as such in a bottom-up perspective, but also often by main political actors in search of legitimation of their power. This paper examines the interconnections between cultic and political institutions in the territory under the Hittite empire and in the same space after the empire’s demise. We aim to distinguish between processes of resilience, reorganisation, and transformation as they occurred in particular micro-regions previously controlled by the empire, including the Upper Euphrates, South-Central Anatolia, North-Central Anatolia, Cilicia, and the Northern Levant; this will demonstrate both the importance of such a micro-regionally defined study, as well as the shared coincidence of cultic and political institutional change. It will become evident that cultic continuity coincided with the resilience of political institutions, and changes in the cultic landscape corresponded to political reorganisations or transformations in post-Hittite Anatolia and north Syria.

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Hittite Fortifications Between Function and Symbolism

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Hittite Geographers: Geographical Perceptions and Practices in Hittite Anatolia

Hittite Geographers: Geographical Perceptions and Practices in Hittite Anatolia

Hi̇ti̇t Kralliği’nda Kent Ve Ülke Savunmasi

Rulership and the Gods: The Role of Cultic Institutions in the Late Bronze to Iron Age Transition in Anatolia and Northern Syria

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