HIV-1, chemokines and neurogenesis

Tran, Phuong B.; Miller, Richard J.

doi:10.1007/bf03033826

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…Our data suggests that SDF-1 plays this particular role. These results should be considered in the context of several recent reports demonstrating the role of CXCR4 signaling in regulating the migration of stem/progenitor cells in many different tissues (Zou et al, 1998; Bagri et al, 2002; Lu et al, 2002; Stumm et al, 2003; Belmadani et al, 2005; Tran et al, 2004, 2007; Tran and Miller, 2005; Chalasani et al, 2003; Pujol et al, 2005; Nagasawa et al, 1996; Tachibana et al, 1998; Ma et al, 1998; Kawabata et al, 1999). Indeed, analysis of the phenotype of CXCR4 KO mice has revealed deficiencies in the formation of numerous tissues that can be explained by this mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…The generation of these transgenic mice as well as the extent of transgene expression in neural tissues, a major site of SDF-1 and CXCR4 expression (McGrath et al, 1999), are described at the GENSAT project website (http://www.gensat.org/index.html) and also in the literature (Bhattacharyya et al, 2008; Tran et al, 2007). Both transgenic mice robustly express EGFP in regions where SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling has been previously demonstrated (Zou et al, 1998; Bagri et al, 2002; Lu et al, 2002; Stumm et al, 2003; Belmadani et al, 2005; Tran et al, 2004, 2007; Tran and Miller, 2005; Chalasani et al, 2003; Pujol et al, 2005; Nagasawa et al, 1996; Tachibana et al, 1998; Ma et al, 1998; Kawabata et al, 1999). For example, EGFP in both mice was found in appropriate structures of the central (CNS), and the peripheral nervous systems (PNS), as well as in the bone marrow and blood vessel endothelium (Bhattacharyya et al, 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

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The chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12 regulates the migration of melanocyte progenitors in mouse hair follicles

et al. 2009

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Mouse skin melanocytes originate from the neural crest and subsequently invade the epidermis and migrate into the hair follicles (HF) where they proliferate and differentiate. Here we demonstrate a role for the chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 in regulating the migration and positioning of melanoblasts during HF formation and cycling. CXCR4 expression by melanoblasts was upregulated during the anagen phase of the HF cycle. CXCR4-expressing cells in the HF also expressed the stem cell markers nestin and LEX, the neural crest marker SOX10 and the cell proliferation marker PCNA. SDF-1 was widely expressed along the path taken by migrating CXCR4-expressing cells in the outer root sheath (ORS), suggesting that SDF-1-mediated signaling might be required for the migration of CXCR4 cells. Skin sections from CXCR4-deficient mice, and skin explants treated with the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100, contained melanoblasts abnormally concentrated in the epidermis, consistent with a defect in their migration. SDF-1 acted as a chemoattractant for FACS-sorted cells isolated from the anagen skin of CXCR4–EGFP transgenic mice in vitro, and AMD3100 inhibited the SDF-1-induced migratory response. Together, these data demonstrate an important role for SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling in directing the migration and positioning of melanoblasts in the HF.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

The chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12 regulates the migration of melanocyte progenitors in mouse hair follicles

et al. 2009

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“…CXCR4 is also prominently expressed by adult mouse and human NPCs in culture [78,87] . Such a close juxtaposition between NPCs expressing CXCR4 and mature neurons expressing SDF-1 suggests that granule cells may influence NPC proliferation and migration in the adult hippocampus [88] .…”

Section: Modulation Of Neurogenesis By Hiv: Potential Molecular Mechamentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis: regulation by HIV and drugs of abuse

Venkatesan

Nath

Ming

et al. 2007

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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New dentate granule cells are continuously generated from neural progenitor cells and integrated into the existing hippocampal circuitry in the adult mammalian brain through an orchestrated process termed adult neurogenesis. While the exact function remains elusive, adult neurogenesis has been suggested to play important roles in specific cognitive functions. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is regulated by a variety of physiological and pathological stimulations. Here we review emerging evidence showing that HIV infection and several drugs of abuse result in molecular changes that may affect different aspects of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. These new findings raise the possibility that cognitive dysfunction in the setting of HIV infection or drug abuse may, in part, be related to alterations in hippocampal neurogenesis. A better understanding of how HIV and drugs of abuse affect both molecular and cellular aspects of adult neurogenesis may lead to development of more effective therapeutic interventions for these interlinked epidemics.

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“…An important member of the chemokine family is CXCL12 or stromal derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1a) and its receptor CXCR4. Both CXCL12 and CXCR4 are constitutively expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) where they modulate a variety of CNS functions, including neurogenesis (Tran and Miller 2005), axonal growth (Lieberam et al 2005), pain (Szabo et al 2002), and neurotransmission (Limatola et al 2000). CXCL12 and CXCR4 are highly expressed in the rodent substantia nigra (SN) (Banisadr et al 2002;Skrzydelski et al 2007) and modulate DA transmission (Guyon et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

CXCR4 and CXCL12 Expression is Increased in the Nigro-Striatal System of Parkinson’s Disease

et al. 2009

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Except for a handful of inherited cases related to known gene defects, Parkinson's disease (PD) is a sporadic neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology. There is increasing evidence that inflammation and proliferation of microglia may contribute to the neuronal damage seen in the nigro-striatal dopaminergic system of PD patients. Microglia events that participate in neuronal injury include the release of pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic factors. Characterizing these factors may help to prevent the exacerbation of PD symptoms or to remediate the disease progression. In rodents, the nigro-striatal system exhibits high expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Its natural ligand CXCL12 can promote neuronal apoptosis. Therefore, the present study investigated the expression of CXCR4 and CXCL12 in post-mortem brains of PD and control (non-PD) individuals and in an animal model of PD. In the human substantia nigra (SN), CXCR4 immunoreactivity was high in dopaminergic neurons. Interestingly, the SN of PD subjects exhibited higher expression of CXCR4 expression and CXCL12 than control subjects despite the loss of dopamine (DA) neurons. This effect was accompanied by an increase in activated microglia. However, results from post-mortem brains may not provide indication as to whether CXCL12/CXCR4 can cause the degeneration of DA neurons. To examine the role of these chemokines, we determined the levels of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in the SN of MPTP-treated mice. MPTP produced a time-dependent up-regulation of CXCR4 that preceded the loss of DA neurons. These results suggest that CXCL12/CXCR4 may participate in the etiology of PD and indicate a new possible target molecule for PD.

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HIV-1, chemokines and neurogenesis

Cited by 40 publications

References 78 publications

The chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12 regulates the migration of melanocyte progenitors in mouse hair follicles

The chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12 regulates the migration of melanocyte progenitors in mouse hair follicles

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis: regulation by HIV and drugs of abuse

CXCR4 and CXCL12 Expression is Increased in the Nigro-Striatal System of Parkinson’s Disease

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