HIV-1 drug-resistant mutations and related risk factors among HIV-1-positive individuals experiencing treatment failure in Hebei Province, China

Abstract

BackgroundTo understand HIV-1 drug resistance in 11 prefectures of Hebei Province, China, we implemented a cross-sectional HIV-1 molecular epidemiological survey.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 122 newly diagnosed drug-naïve HIV-1-positive individuals and 229 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-failure individuals from 11 prefectures in Hebei Province, China. Patient demographic data were obtained via face-to-face interviews using a standardized questionnaire when blood samples were collected. Genotyping of HIV-1 drug resistance (DR) was implemented using an in-house assay.ResultsIn this study, the overall prevalence of HIV-1 DR was 35.5%. The prevalence of HIV-1 DR in participants experiencing treatment failure and ART-naïve participants was 51.9 and 5.9%, respectively. Mutations in protease inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and non-NRTI (NNRTIs), as well as dual and multiple mutations were extensively seen in participants experiencing treatment failure. The proportions of NNRTI mutations (χ2 = 9.689, p = 0.002) and dual mutations in NRTIs and NNRTIs (χ2 = 39.958, p < 0.001) in participants experiencing treatment failure were significantly higher than those in ART-naïve participants. The distributions of M184V/I and M41L mutations differed significantly among three main HIV-1 genotypes identified. Viral load, symptoms in the past 3 months, CD4 counts, transmission route, and the duration of ART were found to be associated with HIV-1 DR.ConclusionsOur results suggest that new prevention and control strategies should be formulated according to the epidemic characteristics of HIV-1-resistant strains in Hebei Province, where antiretroviral drugs are widely used.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12981-017-0133-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Prevalence of acquired drug resistance mutations in antiretroviral- experiencing subjects from 2012 to 2017 in Hunan Province of central South China

“…Although M184V/I causes high-level in vitro resistance to 3TC, M184V/I is not a contraindication to continued treatment with 3TC because it increases susceptibility to AZT, and in addition, it is associated with clinically significant reductions in HIV-1 replication [14,24,25]. Similar to our study finding, a high prevalence of M184 V/I mutation has been reported in Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America, but a lower prevalence in western Europe [26][27][28][29][30][31]. This difference can be explained by the more frequent use of 3TC in low-and middle-income countries than in West European countries.…”

High prevalence of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance among therapy-naïve Burmese entering travelers at Dehong ports in Yunnan, China

“…L33F and V179D/T are the types of mutation that confer potential low-level resistance. Even considering the previous report of occurrence in Hebei and Beijing, the mutation rate of V179D/T up to 6.92% is still an astonishing level [ 30 , 31 ]. Despite of the previous report stating the possible relationship between TDRMs and HIV-1 subtype [ 32 ], there is little evidence shown in this study supporting this statement, possibly due to the relatively smaller sampled group in the investigation.…”

Prevalencia de resistencia a los anti-retrovirales en niños y adolescentes uruguayos infectados con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en el Centro de Referencia VIH-SIDA. Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell. Montevideo-Uruguay

“…La prevalencia total de mutaciones de resistencia (28,6%) y la de resistencias primarias (11,1%) en la población analizada es similar a la descrita en la región y en el mundo, pero fue más elevada en los casos de resistencia secundaria (60%) 23,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37] .…”

“…Lu y cols., encontraron en 229 niños chinos en tratamiento ARV, una mayor proporción de mutaciones de resistencia a INTR (M184V/L y M41L) y la asociación de resistencias a INTR y a INNTR en pacientes con fallo terapéutico 32 .…”