HIV-1 genetic diversity and primary drug resistance mutations before large-scale access to antiretroviral therapy, Republic of Congo

Niama, Fabien Roch; Vidal, Nicole; Diop-Ndiaye, Halimatou; Nguimbi, Etienne; Ahombo, Gabriel; Diakabana, P.; Kombo, E.S. Bayonne; Mayengue, Pembé Issamou; Kobawila, Simon-Charles; Parra, Henri Joseph; Touré-Kâne, Coumba

doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2550-8

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…10 The spread of CRF01_AE has been tracked from Thailand to Vietnam, China, and ultimately a global dissemination. [11][12][13][14] However, CRF01_AE has not extensively spread within Central Africa, with CRF01_AE infection having a prevalence of <1% in nearby Cameroon, 15 <4% in DRC, 16,17 <3% in Chad, 18,19 <1% in the Republic of the Congo, [20][21][22] and 6% in CAR 23 in recent studies. However, the extent to which CRF01_AE may still be circulating within recombinant strains cannot be evaluated with subgenomic sequences reported in most of these studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Genomes from the Congo Basin Expand History of CRF01_AE Origin and Dissemination

Junqueira

Wilkinson

Vallari

et al. 2020

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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Although the first HIV circulating recombinant form (CRF01_AE) is the predominant strain in many Asian countries, it is uncommonly found in the Congo Basin from where it first originated. To fill the gap in the evolutionary history of this important strain, we sequenced near complete genomes from HIV samples with subgenomic CRF01_AE regions collected in Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 2001 to 2006. HIV genomes were generated from N = 13 plasma specimens by next-generation sequencing of metagenomic libraries prepared with spiked primers targeting HIV, followed by Sanger gap-filling. Genome sequences were aligned to reference strains, including Asian and African CRF01_AE sequences, and evaluated by phylogenetic and recombinant analysis to identify four CRF01_AE strains from Cameroon. We also identified two CRF02, one CRF27, and six unique recombinant form genomes (01jA1jG, 01j02jFjU, FjGj01, A1jDj01, FjGj01, and A1jGj01). Phylogenetic analysis, including the four new African CRF01_AE genomes, placed these samples as a bridge between basal Central African Republic CRF01_AE strains and all Asian, European, and American CRF01_AE strains. Molecular dating confirmed previous estimates indicating that the most recent common CRF01_AE ancestor emerged in the early 1970s (1968-1970) and spread beyond Africa around 1980 to Asia. The new sequences and analysis presented in this study expand the molecular history of the CRF01_AE clade, and are illustrated in an interactive Next Strain phylogenetic tree, map, and timeline at (https://nextstrain.org/community/EduanWilkinson/hiv-1_crf01).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Genomes from the Congo Basin Expand History of CRF01_AE Origin and Dissemination

Junqueira

Wilkinson

Vallari

et al. 2020

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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“…Indeed, CRF02_AG is one of the most prevalent CRFs in the global HIV-1 epidemic, and is the major circulating recombinant form in West and Central Africa today [9,10]. According to previous studies, CRF02_AG was observed as the second most predominant genotype in the Republic of the Congo (URF, undetermined recombinant forms, was the most predominant) and the most prevalent genotype in Gabon, a neighboring country [2,11]. The distribution of genotypes in our study was almost identical to that found in Cameroon [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are limited data available on the molecular characterization of HIV-1 in the RC. Studies performed in urban regions before the inclusion of DTG reported the predominance of specific circulating recombinant forms (CRFs), including CRF02_AG, and an important genetic variability with the accumulation of drug resistance mutations (DRM) [1,2]. This study aims to evaluate the drug resistance profile of HIV-1 within the pol region, and describe the circulating strains among ART-experienced patients in four semi-rural localities in the RC (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of Resistance Mutations in the Integrase Coding Region among ART-Experienced Patients in the Republic of the Congo

et al. 2021

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Background: HIV infects around one hundred thousand patients in the Republic of the Congo. Approximately 25% of them receive an antiretroviral treatment; current first-line regimens include two NRTIs and one NNRTI, reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Recently, protease inhibitors (PIs) were also introduced as second-line therapy upon clinical signs of treatment failure. Due to the limited number of molecular characterizations and amount of drug resistance data available in the Republic of the Congo, this study aims to evaluate the prevalence of circulating resistance mutations within the pol region. Methods: HIV-positive, ART-experienced patients have been enrolled in four semi-urban localities in the Republic of the Congo. Plasma samples were collected, and viral RNA was extracted. The viral load for each patient was evaluated by RT-qPCR, following the general diagnostic procedures of the University Hospital of Bordeaux. Finally, drug resistance genotyping and phylogenetic analysis were conducted following Sanger sequencing of the pol region. Results: A high diversity of HIV-1 strains was observed with many recombinant forms. Drug resistance mutations in RT and PR genes were determined and correlated to HAART. Because integrase inhibitors are rarely included in treatments in the Republic of the Congo, the prevalence of integrase drug resistance mutations before treatment was also determined. Interestingly, very few mutations were observed. Conclusions: We confirmed a high diversity of HIV-1 in the Republic of the Congo. Most patients presented an accumulation of mutations conferring resistance against NRTIs, NNRTIs and PIs. Nonetheless, the absence of integrase mutations associated with drug resistance suggests that the introduction of integrase inhibitors into therapy will be highly beneficial to patients in the Republic of the Congo.

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“…A study conducted in 44 selected antenatal clinics (ANCs) in 12 departments in RoC (five urban and seven rural) assessed 2979 pregnant women attending these facilities (Niama et al, 2017). The overall HIV infection rate was estimated to be 3.6%.…”

Section: Mother-to-child Hiv Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving sustainable development goals for HIV/AIDS in the Republic of the Congo — Progress, obstacles and challenges in HIV/AIDS health services

Linguissi

Lucaccioni

Bates

et al. 2018

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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The HIV epidemic continues to be a major global public health issue. Since 2012, there has been a paucity of information from the Republic of the Congo on HIV incidence and prevalence rates, national HIV programme effectiveness, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) rollout, patient adherence to treatment, operational and basic science research studies on HIV/AIDS, and donor funding and its impact on the country. A review of the existing literature on HIV in the Republic of the Congo was conducted, focused on prevalence trends, effectiveness of the current national HIV programme, HAART rollout, patient adherence to antiretrovirals (ARVs), resistance to ARVs, the cost of treatment, and operational issues affecting HIV/AIDS programmes in the country. In light of the findings, several important priority areas for scaling-up HIV/AIDS services, programmatic and research activities in the Republic of the Congo are highlighted.

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HIV-1 genetic diversity and primary drug resistance mutations before large-scale access to antiretroviral therapy, Republic of Congo

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

New Genomes from the Congo Basin Expand History of CRF01_AE Origin and Dissemination

New Genomes from the Congo Basin Expand History of CRF01_AE Origin and Dissemination

Absence of Resistance Mutations in the Integrase Coding Region among ART-Experienced Patients in the Republic of the Congo

Achieving sustainable development goals for HIV/AIDS in the Republic of the Congo — Progress, obstacles and challenges in HIV/AIDS health services

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