HIV-1/HIV-2 seronegativity in HIV-1 subtype 0 infected patients

Loussert-Ajaka, Ibtissam; Brun‐Vézinet, Françoise; Simon, François; Ly, Thoai Duong; Chaix, Marie Laure; Saragosti, Sentob; Couroucé, Anne‐Marie; Ingrand, D.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92524-0

Cited by 224 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Very soon after the recognition of the global pandemic in the world, a stable seroprevalence was observed in a rural area in Equateur Province between 1976 and 1986 (40). Similarly, the prevalences reported in Lubumbashi, in southern DRC, were in strong contrast with the rapidly increasing and much higher rates in neighboring Zambia and other East African countries (28). Our seroepidemiologic survey conducted in 1997 confirmed also that there were no substantial changes in HIV infection rates in Kinshasa (33).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Whether the various groups, subtypes, and recombinant forms of HIV-1 have biological differences (for example, with respect to transmissibility and the course of disease progression) is not known (21,44). A relationship between genetic subtype and natural resistance against antiretroviral drugs (3,10,11), as well as between subtypes and the efficiency of serological and molecular test for HIV diagnosis (2,28,41), has been observed. The degree to which vaccines based on one subtype will elicit cross-protection against other subtypes is still poorly understood (60).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unprecedented Degree of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Group M Genetic Diversity in the Democratic Republic of Congo Suggests that the HIV-1 Pandemic Originated in Central Africa

Vidal¹,

Peeters²,

Mulanga-Kabeya³

et al. 2000

J Virol

287

187

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The purpose of this study was to document the genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC; formerly Zaire). A total of 247 HIV-1-positive samples, collected during an epidemiologic survey conducted in 1997 in three regions (Kinshasa [the capital], Bwamanda [in the north], and Mbuyi-Maya [in the south]), were genetically characterized in the env V3-V5 region. All known subtypes were found to cocirculate, and for 6% of the samples the subtype could not be identified. Subtype A is predominant, with prevalences decreasing from north to south (69% in the north, 53% in the capital city, and 46% in the south). Subtype C, D, G, and H prevalences range from 7 to 9%, whereas subtype F, J, K, and CRF01-AE strains represent 2 to 4% of the samples; only one subtype B strain was identified. The highest prevalence (25%) of subtype C was in the south, and CRF01-AE was seen mainly in the north. The high intersubtype variability among the V3-V5 sequences is the most probable reason for the low (45%) efficiency of subtype A-specific PCR and HMA (heteroduplex mobility assay). Eighteen (29%) of 62 samples had discordant subtype designations between env and gag. Sequence analysis of the entire envelope from 13 samples confirmed the high degree of diversity and complexity of HIV-1 strains in the DRC; 9 had a complex recombinant structure in gp160, involving fragments of known and unknown subtypes. Interestingly, the unknown fragments from the different strains did not cluster together. Overall, the high number of HIV-1 subtypes cocirculating, the high intrasubtype diversity, and the high numbers of possible recombinant viruses as well as different unclassified strains are all in agreement with an old and mature epidemic in the DRC, suggesting that this region is the epicenter of HIV-1 group M.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unprecedented Degree of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Group M Genetic Diversity in the Democratic Republic of Congo Suggests that the HIV-1 Pandemic Originated in Central Africa

Vidal¹,

Peeters²,

Mulanga-Kabeya³

et al. 2000

J Virol

287

187

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Post-operatively, the haematocrit decreased tranthe future; such a variant, subtype O, has been reported recently [13]. This makes the task of prevention by siently and three of the four patients maintained a haematocrit >30%.…”

Section: Discussion Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Intra‐operative autotransfusion in radical cystectomy

Park¹,

Kojima²,

Tomoyoshi³

1997

British Journal of Urology

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Objective To assess the feasibility of intra‐operative autotransfusion (IAT) as a method of decreasing or avoiding homologous blood transfusion during radical cystectomy. Patients and methods IAT was performed in 10 patients with bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of six patients without and group 2 of four patients with pre‐deposited blood. Blood shed in the operative field was collected and processed with an IAT device. Results In group 1, the intra‐operative blood loss ranged from 1.08 to 2.67 L (mean 1.82) and homologous blood transfusion ranged from 0 to 1 L (mean 0.47). The amount of autologous blood processed and transfused by the IAT device ranged from 0.38 to 0.98 L (mean 0.64). Two patients did not require homologous blood transfusion. In group 2, the volume of pre‐deposited blood ranged from 0.8 to 1.2 L (mean 0.9). The intra‐operative blood loss ranged from 1.03 to 3.24 L (mean 1.8). The amount of processed autologous blood transfused ranged from 0.4 to 0.6 L (mean 0.45). None of the patients in group 2 required homologous blood transfusion. Conclusion Although there are theoretical risks with IAT, they were not substantiated by the clinical data. IAT seems to be a feasible method of reducing or avoiding homologous blood transfusion in radical cystectomy. These results suggest that IAT in combination with pre‐deposited blood will abolish the need for homologous blood transfusion during radical cystectomy.

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“…It also has implications for serological diagnosis, because HIV-O infections are frequently identified on the basis of atypical Western blot profiles and/or immunovirological discrepancies (1,9). Indeed soon after HIV-O identification, serological screening assays were found to give rise to false-negative results (19,25). These diagnostic problems led to changes in most of the available assays, with the incorporation of a peptide representative of the immunodominant region (IDR) of the gp41 transmembrane glycoprotein specific to group O variants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%