HIV-1 infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in children

Children: HIV/AIDS and Hearing Loss

“…Neurological complications are estimated to occur in 78 to 93% of symptomatic children (Calveilli & Rubinstein, 1990;Diamond & Cohen, 1992;Indacochea & Scott, 1992). Neurological problems in pediatric AIDS patients are most noticeable in an infant's or young child's failure to attain developmental milestones, or an actual loss of developmental milestones, related to the onset and progression of the disease.…”

Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus And Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: An Overview

“…Developmental delays and disorders have been reported in 25 to 90% of children with HIV infection (Calvelli & Rubinstein, 1990;Indacochea & Scott, 1992;Diamond & Cohn, 1992;Levinson et al, 1992). Mental retardation, cerebral palsey, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been reported as part of the spectrum of disorders that characterize HIV infection Hanna & Mintz, 1992).…”

The Challenge of Pediatric AIDS

“…During stage three, those with HIV develop symptoms of common illness, such as swollen glands and fever. The average age at onset of this stage in infants infected before or during birth is 9 months (Indacochea & Scott, 1992). Stage four refers to the actual diagnosis of AIDS and the onset of opportunistic infections.…”

“…Pediatric AIDS is a family disease (Grosz & Hopkins, 1992;Lesar & Maldonado, 1994). Most preschool-age children who are infected with the disease will have contracted it through maternal transmission (Indacochea &c Scott, 1992). Many times, the mothers themselves do not know they are infected until their children are diagnosed (Johnson, 1993), since infected children are known to have a much shorter incubation time (when they are asymptomatic) than adults who carry HIV.…”