HIV-1 Infection of First-Trimester and Term Human Placental Tissue: A Possible Mode of Maternal-Fetal Transmission

Maury, Wendy; Potts, Barbara; Rabson, Arnold B.

doi:10.1093/infdis/160.4.583

Cited by 135 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The CD4 HIV receptor has been demonstrated on Correspondence: Kristina Broliden, Department of Virology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 60400, S-I0401 Stockholm, Sweden. the fetal side of the placenta [12]. Placental tissue has also been HIV-infected in vitro [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and neutralizing activity in sera of HIV-1-infected mothers and their children

Broliden

Sievers

Tovo

et al. 1993

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARYThe prognostic and protective role of antibodies mediating cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and neutralization was evaluated in sera of HIV-1-infected mothers and their consecutively followed children. The presence and titres of ADCC mediating and/or neutralizing antibodies in maternal sera did not predict HIV-1 infection in their respective children. No significant diflFerence in the sera from the children was seen when comparing the presence of neutralizing antibodies between the uninfected and infected children. Stratification of the infected group according to clinical status revealed differences. Only one of 24 AIDS patients had a high neutralizing titre against IIIB. Four patients had a very low titre and the remaining had no detectable neutralizing antibodies at all. In contrast, 10/17 infected non-AIDS children had neutralizing antibodies. Similarly, no significant difference was seen when comparing the presence of ADCC-mediating antibodies between the uninfected and the infected group of children. However, a significantly higher frequency of ADCC was seen in the seropositive non-AIDS children compared with the AIDS children. This study clearly shows that the presence of antibodies mediating ADCC and neutralization in infected children, 0-2 years old, is associated with a better clinical status and delayed disease progression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the fetal side of the placenta [12]. Placental tissue has also been HIV-infected in vitro [12]. Since cell-cell transmission of virus is known to occur in other retroviral infections, transmission of HIV infection is more likely to occur in a placenta damaged by infarction, emboli or other concurrent infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and neutralizing activity in sera of HIV-1-infected mothers and their children

Broliden

Sievers

Tovo

et al. 1993

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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“…This mode of transmission, together with infection acquired intrapartum and postpartum, now accounts for the majority of paediatric AIDS cases (Falloon et al,i989), yet the mechanism by which the virus is transmitted in utero remains a mystery. Theories regarding the role of placental tissue in HIV transmission focus on the syncytiotrophoblast, which is believed to have a placental barrier function, and recent findings suggest that the trophoblast may take part in the transplacental transmission of HIV (Maury et al, 1989;Lewis et al, 1990). However, there may be routes that bypass the trophoblast barrier; these may be associated somehow with maternal-foetal haemorrhages (Desai & Creger, 1963;Jennings & Clauss, 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although tissue explantation has made it possible to study certain aspects of HIV infection in placental villi (Maury et al, 1989), no additional supportive data are 0001-0047 © 1991 SGM available on the interaction of HIV with the trophoblast in vitro. Attempts to obtain such data were hampered largely by the fact that primary trophoblast cultures devoid of contaminating cells were practically unattainable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of cultured human trophoblasts to infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1

Zachar

Nørskov‐Lauritsen

Juhl

et al. 1991

Journal of General Virology

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Primary cultures of essentially pure human term trophoblasts were studied to determine their ability to support the expression of complete proviral clones of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and their permissiveness to this virus. Transient expression of molecular clones derived from two biologically distinct strains, BRU and NDK, resulted in the release of comparable amounts of infectious virions, which were rescued by cocultivation with permissive CEM-SS cells. Trophoblasts were inoculated with three HIV-1 isolates, RF, 3B and NDK, which differ in their cytopathogenicity on T lymphoblastoid cells. Infection of cells by all three strains was demonstrated by the presence of virus-specific proteins in the trophoblasts and the detection of virus gag gene-related DNA sequences by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), but cells were more susceptible to infection with the RF and NDK strains than with the 3B strain. The virus was readily transmitted to the CEM-SS cells with simultaneous formation of syncytia between the two cell types. Flow cytometry and direct radioimmunoassay revealed no trace of the CD4 receptor on the surface of the cultured trophoblasts and CD4 mRNA could not be detected by Northern blot hybridization, although a minimal amount of CD4-associated mRNA was detected by PCR. Our data suggest that infection of trophoblasts occurs independently of the pathway mediated by CD4.

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“…In spite of the presence of p24 HIV antigen in two placentas (cases 1 and 2), congenital HIV transmission was not investigated in our study, but previous data have shown that presence of HIV antigens in the placenta do not necessarily indicates fetal infection 10,20,21,30 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

A survey of congenital Chagas’ disease, carried out at three Health Institutions in São Paulo City, Brazil

Nisida

Neto

Braz

et al. 1999

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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The congenital transmission of Chagas’ disease was evaluated in 57 pregnant women with Chagas’ disease and their 58 offspring. The patients were selected from three Health Institutions in São Paulo City. The maternal clinical forms of Chagas’ disease were: indeterminate (47.4%), cardiac (43.8%) and digestive (8.8%); 55 were born in endemic areas and two in São Paulo City. The transmission of Chagas’ disease at fetal level was confirmed in three (5.17%) of the 58 cases studied and one probably case of congenital Chagas’ disease. Two infected infants were born to chagasic women with HIV infection and were diagnosed by parasitolological assays (microhematocrit, quantitative buffy coat-QBC or artificial xenodiagnosis). In both cases the placenta revealed T. cruzi and HIV p24 antigens detected by immunohistochemistry. In one case, a 14-week old abortus, the diagnosis of congenital T. cruzi infection was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The other probable infection, a 30-week old stillborn, the parasites were found in the placenta and umbilical cord. The Western blot method using trypomastigote excreted/secreted antigens of T. cruzi (TESA) was positive for IgG antibodies in 54/55 newborns and for IgM in 1/55 newborns. One of the two newborns with circulating parasites had no detectable IgG or IgM antibodies. The assessment of IgG antibodies in the sera of pregnant women and their newborns was performed by ELISA using two different T. cruzi antigens: an alkaline extract of epimastigotes (EAE) and trypomastigote excreted/secreted antigens (TESA). The analysis showed a linear correlation between maternal and newborn IgG antibody titers at birth.

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HIV-1 Infection of First-Trimester and Term Human Placental Tissue: A Possible Mode of Maternal-Fetal Transmission

Cited by 135 publications

References 23 publications

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and neutralizing activity in sera of HIV-1-infected mothers and their children

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and neutralizing activity in sera of HIV-1-infected mothers and their children

Susceptibility of cultured human trophoblasts to infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1

A survey of congenital Chagas’ disease, carried out at three Health Institutions in São Paulo City, Brazil

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