HIV-1 suppression during acute scrub-typhus infection

Watt, George; Kantipong, Pacharee; Souza, Mark de; Chanbancherd, Penprapa; Jongsakul, Krisada; Ruangweerayud, Ronnatrai; Loomis-Price, Lawrence D.; Polonis, Victoria R.; Myint, Khin Saw Aye; Birx, Deborah L.; Brown, Arthur E.; Krishna, Sanjeev

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02557-5

Cited by 72 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…14,15 In patients with HIV-1, coinfection with O. tsutsugamushi suppresses viral replication, but the mechanism of suppression has not been elucidated. 7 Both HIV-1 and O. tsutsugamushi are obligate intracellular organisms with similar life cycles. 16 The detection of O. tsutsugamushi in mononuclear cells raises the issue of whether HIV-1 inhibition may be related to the invasion of the same cells by O. tsutsugamushi and HIV-1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adults presenting to Chiang Rai Regional Hospital, northern Thailand, with undiagnosed febrile illnesses of 1 week's duration or less were evaluated in conjunction with ongoing investigations of interactions between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and common tropical infections. 7 After informed consent was obtained, peripheral venous blood was collected from 7 patients with O. tsutsugamushi infection, confirmed by dot blot immunoassay. 8 All patients had uncomplicated disease.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Orientia tsutsugamushi in peripheral white blood cells of patients with acute scrub typhus.

Walsh¹,

Myint²,

Kantipong³

et al. 2001

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is an acute illness that occurs in many parts of Asia. Clinical manifestations range from inapparent to organ failure. Organisms disseminate from the skin to target organs, suggesting that they may enter the peripheral circulation. Here, peripheral blood cell smears from patients with acute scrub typhus were obtained before treatment and for 2 days after treatment and reacted with antibodies specific for O. tsutsugamushi. White blood cells from 3 of 7 patients with acute scrub typhus stained positively for O. tsutsugamushi. Cells containing O. tsutsugamushi were mononuclear and were detected on each day of sampling. The presence of O. tsutsugamushi in peripheral white blood cells of patients with acute scrub typhus is a new finding with clinical and pathogenic implications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orientia tsutsugamushi in peripheral white blood cells of patients with acute scrub typhus.

Walsh¹,

Myint²,

Kantipong³

et al. 2001

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Some persons who are simultaneously infected with HIV-1 and either dengue, Orienta tsutsugamushi, hepatitis G/GB virus C, or measles morbilli virus have reduced viral loads compared with patients who are infected with HIV-1 alone or with HIV-1 and other pathogens. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] In the case of hepatitis G virus (HGV), the mechanism of action is postulated to be via binding of the serum HGV E2 protein to CD81, leading to increased regulated on activation normal T expressed and secreted protein (RANTES) secretion and reduced CCR5 expression. 24 In vitro studies have shown that HTLV-type 2 infection might up-regulate the production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1␣ (MIP-1␣).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninfectious papilloma virus–like particles inhibit HIV-1 replication: implications for immune control of HIV-1 infection by IL-27

Fakruddin

Lempicki

Gorelick

et al. 2006

Blood

122

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Human papilloma virus (HPV)- IntroductionIt has been demonstrated that both innate and adaptive immune response regulate HIV-1 replication, 1-10 and certain cell types secrete soluble HIV-1-suppressing proteins in response to various stimuli. [11][12][13][14][15] For example, secretion of anti-HIV ␤-chemokines and CD8 antiviral factor (CAF) from human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-type 1 and herpes virus saimiri-infected cell line have been described. [11][12][13][14][15] Although a combination of antibodies and suppressive factors was able to reverse the inhibitory activity of CAF, complete reversal of HIV-1 suppression was not observed, suggesting that additional unknown suppressive factors were involved. 16 Certain microbial organisms elicit immune responses that reduce clinical HIV-1 infection presumably through the induction of soluble suppressive factors. Some persons who are simultaneously infected with HIV-1 and either dengue, Orienta tsutsugamushi, hepatitis G/GB virus C, or measles morbilli virus have reduced viral loads compared with patients who are infected with HIV-1 alone or with HIV-1 and other pathogens. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] In the case of hepatitis G virus (HGV), the mechanism of action is postulated to be via binding of the serum HGV E2 protein to CD81, leading to increased regulated on activation normal T expressed and secreted protein (RANTES) secretion and reduced CCR5 expression. 24 In vitro studies have shown that HTLV-type 2 infection might up-regulate the production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1␣ . 26 Recent studies demonstrate that human papillopma virus-like particles (HPV-VLPs) bind to dendritic cells and are able to induce a range of responses in immune cells, notably the expression of anti-HIV-1 cytokines such as interferon-␣ (IFN-␣), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon-␥ (IFN-␥), and monocyte chemotactic protein 2 (MCP-2). 27,28 The HPV-VLP vaccine has been demonstrated to be protective against HPV infection. 29-31 HPV-type 16 (HPV16) represents the primary causative agent of cervical cancer. 32 The HPV16 VLPs, composed of the L1 major capsid protein, form nonenveloped icosahedral particles that lack viral DNA but both morphologically and immunologically resemble native virions. 33 Studies suggest that a potent immune response induced by VLPs is through the Toll-like receptor (TLR)/MyD88 pathway in dendritic cells. 27 In the current work, we evaluated the impact of VLPs on HIV-1 replication. Our results demonstrated that VLPs strongly inhibit replication of X4 and R5 HIV-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). It was discovered that the anti-HIV-1 activity of VLPs involved the release of suppressive factors. Gene expression profiles of PBMCs and MDMs demonstrated that VLP treatment up-regulated numerous potential antiviral genes along with the induction of recently described cytokine . Subsequent experiments demonstrated that recombinant IL-27 was able to inhibit X4 and R5 HIV replication. Taken together, these s...

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“…Ugandan children were observed to have a mean 1.4 log decline from baseline levels in HIV-1 viral load during acute measles (Ruel et al, 2007). Decreased plasma HIV-1 RNA levels also have been reported following acute infection with Orientia tsutsugamushi (Watt et al, 2000) and dengue virus (Watt et al, 2003), and during chronic infection with GB virus C (Williams et al, 2004). However, the mechanisms responsible for the reduction in plasma HIV-1 RNA levels are incompletely understood and may differ for each coinfecting pathogen (Kannangara et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles virus inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcription and replication by blocking cell-cycle progression of CD4+ T lymphocytes

Garcia

Griffin

et al. 2008

Journal of General Virology

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Acute measles virus (MV) infection results in a decrease in plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA levels in co-infected children. An in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture system was used to assess the mechanisms by which MV blocks HIV-1 replication. MV inhibited proliferation of CD4 + T lymphocytes, the target cell for HIV-1 replication. In the presence of MV, cells did not progress to G 1b and S phases, steps critical for the completion of HIV-1 reverse transcription and productive replication. This block in cell-cycle progression was characterized by an increased proportion of CD4 + and HIV-1-infected cells retained in the parental generation in PBMCs co-cultured with MV and HIV-1, and decreased levels of cyclins and RNA synthesis. Early HIV-1 replication was also inhibited in the presence of MV, as measured by reduced expression of a luciferase reporter gene and lower levels of both early (LTR) and late (LTR-gag) DNA intermediates of HIV-1 reverse transcription in the presence of CCR5-tropic HIV-1. The effects of MV on lymphoproliferation and p24 antigen production were reproduced by n-butyrate and hydroxyurea, drugs that block the cell cycle in G 1a and G 1 /S, respectively. It was concluded that MV inhibits HIV-1 productive replication in part by blocking the proliferation of CD4 + T lymphocytes.

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HIV-1 suppression during acute scrub-typhus infection

Cited by 72 publications

References 21 publications

Orientia tsutsugamushi in peripheral white blood cells of patients with acute scrub typhus.

Orientia tsutsugamushi in peripheral white blood cells of patients with acute scrub typhus.

Noninfectious papilloma virus–like particles inhibit HIV-1 replication: implications for immune control of HIV-1 infection by IL-27

Measles virus inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcription and replication by blocking cell-cycle progression of CD4+ T lymphocytes

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