HIV/AIDS and Intimate Partner Violence

Gielen, Andrea Carlson; Ghandour, Reem M.; Burke, Jessica G.; Mahoney, Patricia; McDonnell, Karen A.; O’Campo, Patricia

doi:10.1177/1524838007301476

Cited by 154 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Our findings reflect those of a qualitative study in Zambia, in which IPV, mental health and HIV are closely related in the experience of women [55]. Such interrelated “syndemic” issues [56] should be explored in future sub-Saharan African studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Bidirectional links between HIV and intimate partner violence in pregnancy: implications for prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission

Hatcher

Woollett

Tordrup

et al. 2014

Journal of the International AIDS Society

105

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IntroductionPrevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) has the potential to eliminate new HIV infections among infants. Yet in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, PMTCT coverage remains low, leading to unacceptably high rates of morbidity among mothers and new infections among infants. Intimate partner violence (IPV) may be a structural driver of poor PMTCT uptake, but has received little attention in the literature to date.MethodsWe conducted qualitative research in three Johannesburg antenatal clinics to understand the links between IPV and HIV-related health of pregnant women. We held focus group discussions with pregnant women (n=13) alongside qualitative interviews with health care providers (n=10), district health managers (n=10) and pregnant abused women (n=5). Data were analysed in Nvivo10 using a team-based approach to thematic coding.FindingsWe found qualitative evidence of strong bidirectional links between IPV and HIV among pregnant women. HIV diagnosis during pregnancy, and subsequent partner disclosure, were noted as a common trigger of IPV. Disclosure leads to violence because it causes relationship conflict, usually related to perceived infidelity and the notion that women are “bringing” the disease into the relationship. IPV worsened HIV-related health through poor PMTCT adherence, since taking medication or accessing health services might unintentionally alert male partners of the women's HIV status. IPV also impacted on HIV-related health via mental health, as women described feeling depressed and anxious due to the violence. IPV led to secondary HIV risk as women experienced forced sex, often with little power to negotiate condom use. Pregnant women described staying silent about condom negotiation in order to stay physically safe during pregnancy.ConclusionsIPV is a crucial issue in the lives of pregnant women and has bidirectional links with HIV-related health. IPV may worsen access to PMTCT and secondary prevention behaviours, thereby posing a risk of secondary transmission. IPV should be urgently addressed in antenatal care settings to improve uptake of PMTCT and ensure that goals of maternal and child health are met in sub-Saharan African settings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Bidirectional links between HIV and intimate partner violence in pregnancy: implications for prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission

Hatcher

Woollett

Tordrup

et al. 2014

Journal of the International AIDS Society

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The term syndemic, or “two or more epidemics, interacting synergistically and contributing, as a result of their interaction, to excess burden of disease in a population” [24], has been applied to characterize the unique, population-level associations between psychosocial health, behavior, and disease. First introduced in 1994 to explain a cluster of epidemics of substance abuse, violence, and HIV/AIDS that disproportionately afflicted those living in poverty in cities in the United States [9], the term syndemic has also been used to describe tuberculosis and HIV [10]; obesity, metabolic disorders, and diabetes [11]; syringes and infectious diseases [12]; intimate partner violence and HIV [13]; and others. In populations at high risk for HIV infection, epidemic-level psychosocial health conditions may be more than individual risk factors alone; instead, they may affect the occurrence of disease in a population in a syndemic way.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial Health Conditions and HIV Prevalence and Incidence in a Cohort of Men Who have Sex with Men in Bangkok, Thailand: Evidence of a Syndemic Effect

et al. 2014

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Men who have sex with men (MSM) in Bangkok may experience multiple psychosocial health conditions, such as substance use, suicidality, and a history of sexual abuse. These factors may contribute to HIV vulnerability in a syndemic way. A syndemic is defined as a number of synergistically interacting health conditions producing excess disease in a population. The objective of this study is to examine whether psychosocial health conditions among MSM have a syndemic association with HIV prevalence and HIV incidence. To do this, we evaluated psychosocial health conditions and their associations with unprotected sex, HIV prevalence and HIV incidence in a cohort of Thai MSM (N = 1,292). There was a positive and significant association between the number of psychosocial health conditions and increased levels of unprotected sex and HIV prevalence at study baseline. The number of psychosocial health conditions at baseline was also associated with increased HIV incidence during follow-up (no conditions, HIV incidence = 15.3 %; one to three conditions, 23.7 %; four to five conditions, 33.2 %). The number of psychosocial health conditions was positively associated with HIV risk behavior and HIV prevalence and incidence. Prevention efforts among MSM need to address the existence of multiple psychosocial health conditions and their synergy to effectively decrease the spread of HIV infection.

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“…Therefore, research is needed with diverse samples to more fully understand how young women view and use STI/HIV testing and how relationship dynamics influences testing behaviors. In addition, recent research shows that substance use is a strong predictor of HIV risk behaviors that often co-occur with IPV, and the confluence of these factors, substance abuse, violence, and HIV/AIDS has been labeled the SAVA syndemic 45,46 . Future studies should also consider substance abuse as a factor that might potentially interfere with STI/HIV testing and how the factors of SAVA syndemic interact with each other to interfere with STI/HIV testing behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young women's views on testing for sexually transmitted infections and HIV as a risk reduction strategy in mutual and choice-restricted relationships

Teitelman

Calhoun

Duncan

et al. 2015

Applied Nursing Research

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Aim To identify relationship dynamics that influences the use of STI/ HIV testing among young, urban African American women. Background Increasing STI/HIV testing is a key prevention strategy, but more research is needed to identify barriers to testing for young women such as intimate partner violence (IPV). Methods Thirty semi-structured interviews were conducted with African American women ages 18-24. Content analysis was used. Results Women in choice-restricted relationships were unable to negotiate safer sex practices and testing was viewed as the best option. Women in relationships where the desire to use condoms was mutual used STI and HIV testing as a sign of trust building that preceded unprotected sex. Conclusions STI/HIV testing must be viewed as one strategy within a package of possible risk reduction. For those in choice-restricted relationships, clinicians should screen patients for partner abuse and provide additional support and referrals as clinically appropriate.

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HIV/AIDS and Intimate Partner Violence

Cited by 154 publications

References 50 publications

Bidirectional links between HIV and intimate partner violence in pregnancy: implications for prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission

Bidirectional links between HIV and intimate partner violence in pregnancy: implications for prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission

Psychosocial Health Conditions and HIV Prevalence and Incidence in a Cohort of Men Who have Sex with Men in Bangkok, Thailand: Evidence of a Syndemic Effect

Young women's views on testing for sexually transmitted infections and HIV as a risk reduction strategy in mutual and choice-restricted relationships

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