HIV/AIDS in Bangladesh: a national surveillance

Abstract

Nationwide surveillance of HIV/AIDS from 1989 through 1996 in Bangladesh included several risk groups such as professional blood donors, patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), pregnant women at antenatal clinics, commercial sex workers (CSWs), patients with tuberculosis, long-distance truck drivers, sailors, and non-residents. The population was enrolled by convenience sampling after taking informed consent. Among 70,676 persons tested, 80 (1.13 per 1000) were HIV positive. The prevalence rate was steady until 1994, and then increased rapidly. The rate among male heterosexuals was significantly higher than that in females (3.40 per 1000 versus 0.29 per 1000; odds ratio (OR) 11.60; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 6.45 to 21.16; P<0.0001). Twelve per cent of patients with STDs had HIV. The HIV cases concentrated in 2 districts, Sylhet (25/72) and Chittagong (20/72), that border India and Myanmar (formerly Burma), respectively. Frequent movement of people of Bangladesh to India, Pakistan, Myanmar and Thailand, where HIV rates are higher, is one of the possible sources of spread of the cases. Bangladesh has the potential to avert epidemic spread of HIV at its early stage.

AIDS e pauperização: principais conceitos e evidências empíricas

“…Nestes últimos ocorre um processo real de pauperização progressiva das "duas" epidemias (HIV e AIDS), uma vez que mais casos de infecção pelo HIV vêm sendo registrados entre as camadas mais pobres dos países mais pobres e, uma vez infectadas, essas pessoas evoluem para quadros clínicos mais graves e para o óbito mais rapidamente. Esta situação é dramaticamente ilustrada pelas epidemias recentes em diversas regiões da Índia (Islam et al, 1999) e nos antigos "enclaves étnicos" (ainda hoje, comunidades de extrema miséria) da África do Sul (LeclercMadlala, 1997).…”

Risk factors for HIV infection in Males who have Sex with Males (MSM) in Bangladesh

“…National surveillance data for HIV from the Ministry of Health and Government of Bangladesh have reported data from a variety of groups showing the highest levels of HIV infection were identified among IDUs [5-8]. During the first four rounds of surveillance, from 1998 to 2002, the HIV prevalence increased from nearly zero to 4%.…”

Prevalence and risk factors of chlamydia and gonorrhea among rural Nepali women

“…Thus, STI prevention is an integral part of the WHO HIV prevention strategy. [7][8][9][10][11] HIV prevention policies in south Asia have included the development of HIV/STI sentinel surveillance systems that typically target urban, high risk populations. In contrast, few studies have evaluated STI epidemiology in rural populations.…”