HIV/AIDS in Japan: Route and Age of Infection that Shaped the Epidemics in 1987–2016

Yasuda, Hiroshi

doi:10.7883/yoken.jjid.2018.183

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Thus, males die younger than females in both the HIV AIDS patient population and the general population. The model explains why HIV-infected older people were identified more as having "AIDS" than as having "HIV infection" (5) and why an older age is a strong predictor of accelerated disease progression after HIV infection (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shift of HIV/AIDS Deaths to an Older Age and Gender Difference: Inferences Derived from the Vital Statistics of Japan

Yasuda

2019

Jpn J Infect Dis

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shift of HIV/AIDS Deaths to an Older Age and Gender Difference: Inferences Derived from the Vital Statistics of Japan

Yasuda

2019

Jpn J Infect Dis

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“…In general, the occurrence of disseminated cryptococcosis exhibited a notably higher frequency in men. This phenomenon may be attributed to disparities in the prevalence of immunocompromising factors between the sexes, including conditions such as HIV, malignancies, and diabetes [ 20 , 23 , 24 ]. Furthermore, sex differences in immune responses related to viral infections have recently garnered attention, supposedly involving a range of cytokines, chemokines, immune cells, and sex hormones [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in the Incidence of Disseminated Cryptococcosis in Japan: A Nationwide Observational Study, 2015–2021

Akazawa,

Hagiya,

Koyama

et al. 2024

Mycopathologia

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Background Cryptococcus species can cause severe disseminated infections in immunocompromised hosts. This study investigated the epidemiological features and trends in disseminated cryptococcosis in Japan. Methods We used publicly available Infectious Diseases Weekly Reports to obtain data on the incidence of disseminated cryptococcosis in Japan from 2015 to 2021. Patient information, including age, sex, and regional and seasonal data, were extracted. The Joinpoint regression program was used to determine the age-adjusted incidence rate (AAR) per 100,000 population, annual percentage change (APC), and average APC (AAPC). Results A total of 1047 cases of disseminated cryptococcosis were reported, of which those aged ≥ 70 years accounted for 68.8%. The AAR in men was significantly higher than that in women (median: 0.13 vs. 0.09: p = 0.0024). APC for the overall cases increased by 9.9% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] − 5.4–27.7) from 2015 to 2018 and then decreased by 3.3% (95% CI − 15.5–10.7) from 2018 to 2021. AAPC for the entire study period was 3.1% (95% CI − 1.5–8.0), indicating a possible increase in its number, although not statistically significant. In terms of regional distribution, the average AAR was highest in Shikoku District (0.17) and lowest in Hokkaido District (0.04). Northern Japan exhibited a significantly lower median AAR (median [interquartile range]: 0.06 [0.05, 0.08]) than the Eastern (0.12 [0.12, 0.13]), Western (0.11 [0.10, 0.13]), and Southern (0.14 [0.12, 0.15]) regions. No seasonal variation in incidence was observed. Conclusion The prevalence of disseminated cryptococcosis has not increased in Japan. Geographically, the incidence is lower in Northern Japan. Further investigations that incorporate detailed clinical data are required.

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“…In this study, data on sexual orientation and HIV status of all patients were not available. However, since people living with HIV tend to be relatively young 21) , it is unlikely that any of these patients who were older people, were living with HIV. It has also been reported that 26.7% of healthy people have IS in Oman, which is an Islamic state that prohibits homosexuality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymptomatic Intestinal Spirochetosis Found Incidentally in Endoscopic Specimens

Ariizumi

Doi

Chosokabe

2021

J St. Marianna Univ

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Intestinal spirochetosis is a zoonotic infection caused by gram-negative bacteria of the genus Brachyspira. In Japan, several cases have been reported since Nakamura et al. first reported the disease in 1998, and although it has been recognized by pathologists, there have only been a handful of reports on the disease. In this study, we investigated an incidence of intestinal spirochetosis in samples obtained through colonoscopic biopsy, polypectomy, and EMR. Ten patients (6 men and 4 women) were diagnosed with intestinal spirochetosis and had been infected with Brachyspira aalborgi among 537 patients (318 men and 219 women). Ages ranged from 49 to 73 years. The overall incidence was 1.9%, and the incidence in men (1.88%) and women (1.82%) was almost equal. In past reports, intestinal spirochetes was more common among men, although only one report examined the sex-specific incidence of this disease. Our results suggested that a similar number of infections occur in women, but the infection route is not clear.

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HIV/AIDS in Japan: Route and Age of Infection that Shaped the Epidemics in 1987–2016

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Shift of HIV/AIDS Deaths to an Older Age and Gender Difference: Inferences Derived from the Vital Statistics of Japan

Shift of HIV/AIDS Deaths to an Older Age and Gender Difference: Inferences Derived from the Vital Statistics of Japan

Trends in the Incidence of Disseminated Cryptococcosis in Japan: A Nationwide Observational Study, 2015–2021

Asymptomatic Intestinal Spirochetosis Found Incidentally in Endoscopic Specimens

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