HIV/AIDS in Thailand

Phoolcharoen, Wiput; Kunanusont, Chaiyos; Pitisuttithum, Punnee; Bhamarapravati, Natth

doi:10.1007/978-0-306-48536-7_1

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…At the service provider level, young women in Thailand report facing indifferent counseling and possible violation of confidentiality, which is in marked contrast to the treatment of young men, who generally meet with a more sympathetic and accepting response (Tangmunkongvorakul, Kane, & Wellings, 2005), thus making women less likely than men to access HIV care and receive treatment. Families also tend to spend fewer resources on women than men (Phoolcharoen et al, 2004). Although the stigma has a heavier impact on women, disruption of social and family relationships very likely, also prevent men from seeking early treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, not much is known about the temporal trends in survival of AIDS patients in Thailand (Kitayaporn et al, 1996). With expanding access to antiretroviral drugs, only highly selected groups of people are included in longitudinal studies with HIV infection trends then having limited implication in guiding national policy (Phoolcharoen et al, 2004). Although, infection with HIV/AIDS results in untimely death, the survival of patients has received little systematic study and serves as the impetus for this study.…”

Section: Epidemic In Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Thai epidemic was characterized by slow growth in the mid 1980s, with high prevalence in female sex workers (FSW) in the northern provinces (Phoolcharoen, Kunanusont, Pitisuttithum, & Bhamarapravati, 2004), followed by an explosive spread in the early 1990s (Surasiengsunk et al, 1998), moving through the clients of sex workers to their wives and children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, remarkable achievements in reducing HIV transmission through campaigns focusing on individual risk and responsibility to emphasize preventive behavior change, and the ''100% Condom Program'' adopted nationwide in 1991, to promote the universal use of condoms for FSWs have been documented (Phoolcharoen et al, 2004;Ruxrungtham, Brown, & Phanuphak, 2004;UNAIDS, 2002). This was successful in controlling sexually transmitted diseases, an important co-factor that may have played a role in reducing HIV transmission (Hanenberg, Rojanapithayakorn, Kunasol, & Sokal, 1994;Rajonapithayakorn & Hanenberg, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival of an AIDS cohort in Thailand (2000–2005)

2009

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This study investigates the survival from the time of diagnosis to death of 98,876 men and 57,316 women between the ages of 15 and 96 years who received medical care at public and private hospitals in Thailand after being diagnosed with symptomatic HIV-positive or AIDS between 2000 and 2005 from all regions of Thailand. Using a retrospective cohort study, risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are estimated by the Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for age, gender, marital status, occupation, region of residence, and year of diagnosis. Significant increased risk of mortality is observed for patients diagnosed with AIDS as compared to those with symptomatic HIV-positive, the risk being approximately twofold for men (RR=2.37, 95% CI=2.27, 2.47), almost threefold for women (RR=2.85, 95% CI=2.69, 3.02), and more than threefold for women in the 15-24-year age group (RR=3.36, 95% CI=2.83, 3.98). The risk also varied from being twofold in the northern region of Thailand (RR=2.23, 95% CI=2.11, 2.35) to being threefold in the northeast (RR=3.05, 95% CI=2.79, 3.32). Our findings of increased risk of mortality for subgroups of the population suggest the need for sustained attention to HIV prevention efforts with support from society at large, and to the early diagnosis and treatment of these patients, especially women and youth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemic In Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival of an AIDS cohort in Thailand (2000–2005)

2009

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“…Limpakarnjanarat et al (1999) added that the young female CSWs with limited education and those who began commercial sex work before the age of fifteen in brothels of northern Thailand are at very high risk. The widespread practice of commercial sex, alcohol abuse, and illicit drug use (Phoolcharoen et al 2004;Thianthai 2004) is further complicated by behavior patterns that are risky (Havanon, Bennett, and Knodel 1993;Nelson et al 1993;Nopkesorn et al 1993;Ford and Kittisuksathit 1994;Morris et al 1996;Cash et al 1997;Jenkins et al 2002) such as the tendency to screen partners based on risk rather than practice safe sex and the inability of young women to negotiate condom use. Fordham (1995), however, argues that the association of "public drinking" with the patronage of CSWs as observed in northern Thai culture is not as common elsewhere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Context and Impact of HIV and AIDS in Chiang Rai, Thailand: A Study of Youth and Young Adults

Jongsthapongpanth

Bagchi‐Sen

2010

Annals of the Association of American Geographers

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This study examines the geographic variation in the incidence of HIV/AIDS in Chiang Rai, one of the northern districts of Thailand with a very high rate of HIV infection and AIDS. A related goal of this study is to understand the socioeconomic impact of the disease. First, spatial analysis is used to estimate the effects of local determinants on the incidence of HIV and AIDS. Second, standardized questionnaire surveys of patients are conducted to understand the individual context of the disease. Finally, in-depth qualitative interviews are used to examine the socioeconomic impact of the disease at the individual level. Results show that localities with a relatively high percentage of households engaged as laborers, localities close to municipal areas, and those with a high concentration of commercial sex workers are significantly correlated with high incidence rates. Places close to municipal areas are typically more urbanized, with diverse income groups and businesses in their vicinity. These areas have higher levels of risk factors compared to places that are remote. The interview-based analysis shows that HIV/AIDS patients, from diverse education and income backgrounds and different levels of comfort with disclosure and disease intensity, have shown equally diverse levels of suffering and coping strategies. Their response is not only dictated by the intensity of the disease but by their own acceptance of their disease status, an understanding of the disease and treatment options, their fear of stigma, and the reaction of family, friends, partners, and health workers. Key Words: HIV and AIDS, local determinants, socioeconomic impact, Thailand.Este estudio examina la variación geográfica de la incidencia de HIV/SIDA en Chiang Rai, uno de los distritos del norte de Tailandia que registra altas tasas de infección de HIV y SIDA. Otro de los propósitos del estudio es comprender el impacto socioeconómico de la enfermedad. Primero, se utilizó el análisis espacial para calcular los efectos de determinantes locales sobre la incidencia de HIV y SIDA. Segundo, se llevaron a cabo observaciones sistemáticas de pacientes por medio de cuestionarios estandarizados, para entender el contexto individual de la enfermedad. Y, finalmente, se aplicaron entrevistas cualitativas a fondo para examinar el impacto socioeconómico de la enfermedad a nivel individual. Los resultados muestran que aquellas localidades con un porcentaje relativamente alto de familias de trabajadores, localidades cercanas a lasáreas municipales y aquellas con una alta concentración de trabajadoras sexuales, están significativamente correlacionadas con tasas de alta incidencia. Los lugares cercanos a los poblados son típicamente más urbanizados, tienen grupos de ingresos diversificados y negocios en la vecindad. Estasáreas tienen los factores de riesgo de más alto nivel, en comparación con los lugares remotos. El análisis de los datos generados en entrevistas muestra que los pacientes de HIV/SIDA con antecedentes variados en educación e ingreso y diferentes nive...

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Illicit Psychoactive Substance Use and Harm Prevention

Quah

2017

International Encyclopedia of Public Health

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HIV/AIDS in Thailand

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Survival of an AIDS cohort in Thailand (2000–2005)

Survival of an AIDS cohort in Thailand (2000–2005)

The Context and Impact of HIV and AIDS in Chiang Rai, Thailand: A Study of Youth and Young Adults

Illicit Psychoactive Substance Use and Harm Prevention

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