HIV/AIDS-knowledge and attitudes in the Arabian Peninsula: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Aldhaleei, Wafa Ali; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2020.04.002

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Such a negative attitude can represent a major constraint in the efforts needed to control HIV/AIDS infections in the region [ 61 ]. Previous studies from the MENA region showed that a majority of participants held a negative stigmatizing attitude towards PLWHA [ 32 , 67 ]. Dental students in Saudi Arabia showed negative attitudes involving fear of accidental exposure, and reluctance to treat PLWHA [ 68 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the sexual nature of HIV transmission can be viewed as a cultural taboo topic in a majority of Middle East countries including Jordan [ 28 , 29 ]. Thus, such culturally sensitive topics can result in less orientation and discussion—even within the medical field—with subsequent lack of knowledge about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and stigmatization towards the affected groups [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. This lack of knowledge has been demonstrated in recent studies involving HIV and the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is another causative agent of STIs [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV Knowledge and Stigmatizing Attitude towards People Living with HIV/AIDS among Medical Students in Jordan

Sallam

Alabbadi

Abdel-Razeq

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The stigmatizing attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) can be a major barrier to effective patient care. As future physicians, medical students represent a core group that should be targeted with focused knowledge and adequate training to provide patient care without prejudice. The aim of the current study was to examine HIV/AIDS knowledge, and the stigmatizing attitude towards PLWHA, among medical students in Jordan. The current study was based on a self-administered online questionnaire, which was distributed during March–May 2021, involving students at the six medical schools in Jordan, with items assessing demographics, HIV/AIDS knowledge, and HIV/AIDS stigmatizing attitude, which was evaluated using the validated HIV-stigma scale. The total number of respondents was 1362, with predominance of females (n = 780, 57.3%). Lack of HIV/AIDS knowledge among the study participants was notable for the following items: HIV transmission through breastfeeding (40.8% correct responses), HIV is not transmitted through saliva (42.6% correct responses), and vertical transmission of HIV can be prevented (48.8% correct responses). Approximately two-thirds of the respondents displayed a positive attitude towards PLWHA. For six out of the 14 HIV/AIDS knowledge items, lack of knowledge was significantly correlated with a more negative attitude towards PLWHA. Multinomial regression analysis showed that a significantly more negative attitude towards PLWHA was found among the pre-clinical students compared to the clinical students (odds ratio (OR): 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43–0.97, p = 0.036); and that affiliation to medical schools that were founded before 2000 was associated with a more positive attitude towards PLWHA compared to affiliation to recently founded medical schools in the country (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.42–2.42, p < 0.001). About one-third of medical students who participated in the study displayed a negative attitude towards PLWHA. Defects in HIV/AIDS knowledge were detected for aspects involving HIV transmission and prevention, and such defects were correlated with a more negative attitude towards PLWHA. It is recommended to revise the current medical training curricula, and to tailor improvements in the overall HIV/AIDS knowledge, which can be reflected in a more positive attitude towards PLWHA, particularly for the recently established medical schools in the country.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Knowledge and Stigmatizing Attitude towards People Living with HIV/AIDS among Medical Students in Jordan

Sallam

Alabbadi

Abdel-Razeq

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Our findings are consistent with another meta-analysis conducted on an Arabian population where the level of knowledge was 74.4%, and attitude was 53% towards HIV/AIDS, respectively. 61 Such findings are somewhat lackluster, given the NACP has undertaken several initiatives to increase awareness among the general population by implementing a large number of innovative awareness programs for HIV prevention. For instance, in 2018, NACO initiated multimedia campaigns across television channels, radio broadcastings, online programs, and at cinemas to increase HIV awareness among the general population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 studies from 2010-2020

Bhagavathula

Clark

Sharma

et al. 2021

Health Promot Perspect

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Background: Several studies assessed the level of knowledge and general public behavior on human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in India. However, comprehensive scrutiny of literature is essential for any decision-making process. Our objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the level of knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS in India. Methods: A systematic search using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and free terms was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases to investigate the level of knowledge and attitude of HIV/AIDS in India population. Cross-sectional studies published in English from January 2010 to November 2020 were included. The identified articles were screened in multiple levels of title, abstract and full-text and final studies that met the inclusion criteria were retrieved and included in the study. The methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s checklist for cross-sectional studies. Estimates with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each domain were pooled to examine the level of knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS in India. Results: A total of 47 studies (n= 307 501) were identified, and 43 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS was 75% (95% CI: 69-80%; I2 = 99.8%), and a higher level of knowledge was observed among female sex workers (FSWs) 89% (95% CI: 77-100%, I2 = 99.5%) than students (77%, 95% CI: 67-87%, I2 = 99.6%) and the general population (70%, 95% CI: 62-79%, I2 = 99.2%), respectively. However, HIV/AIDS attitude was suboptimal (60%, 95% CI: 51-69%, I2 = 99.2%). Students (58%, 95% CI: 38-77%, I2 = 99.7%), people living with HIV/AIDS (57%, 95% CI: 44-71%, I2 = 92.7%), the general population (71%, 95% CI: 62-80%, I2 = 94.5%), and healthcare workers (HCWs) (74%, 95% CI: 63-84%, I2 = 0.0%) had a positive attitude towards HIV/AIDS. The methodological quality of included studies was "moderate" according to Joanna Briggs Institute’s checklist. Funnel plots are asymmetry and the Egger’s regression test and Begg’s rank test identified risk of publication bias. Conclusion: The level of knowledge was 75%, and 40% had a negative attitude. This information would help formulate appropriate policies by various departments, ministries and educational institutions to incorporate in their training, capacity building and advocacy programs. Improving the knowledge and changing the attitudes among the Indian population remains crucial for the success of India’s HIV/AIDS response.

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“…In general, youths had a negative attitude toward HIVpositive patients, while older youths, higher educated ones, urban citizens, and females (in some studies) had a more positive attitude toward these patients. Low attitude toward HIV/AIDS was also noticed in seven Arabian Peninsula countries that are southern neighbors of Iran (41). In terms of PSR, attitude of the majority of youths was against permission of such relationships in the community.…”

Section: Attitude Threat Perception and Self-efficacymentioning

confidence: 93%

Knowledge, Attitudes, Threat Perception, and Practices toward HIV/AIDS among Youths in Iran: A Health Belief Model–Based Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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Context: About one third of all new HIV infections are estimated to occur among young people globally. In recent years, the increasing age of marriage in Iran has caused increasing risky behaviors in the young population. According to evidence, risk perception toward acquiring HIV is an important factor for risky behaviors. Objectives: This study was conducted to detect the concern toward HIV acquisition among Iranian youths. Evidence Acquisition: In this systematic review, the knowledge, attitudes, threat perception, and practices of youths toward HIV/AIDS were assessed through searching such databases as the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Quality assessment was done using STROBE and PRISMA-P checklists. A total of 1,036 articles were initially found, of which 28 articles were analyzed. Results: The youths’ knowledge about HIV/AIDS varied from low to moderate, their attitude was generally negative, perceived risk susceptibility was low, and risk perception ranged from 6.5 to 60%. Premarital sexual relationships were reported by 8 - 50% of the youths, while the rate of both condom use and consistent condom use was less than 50%. Conclusions: The current situation is worrisome and needs serious practical measurements. Therefore, urgent and multifactorial interventions such as establishment of youths’ sexual reproductive health services and its integration into the current primary health care system across the country are needed.

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HIV/AIDS-knowledge and attitudes in the Arabian Peninsula: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 23 publications

References 41 publications

HIV Knowledge and Stigmatizing Attitude towards People Living with HIV/AIDS among Medical Students in Jordan

HIV Knowledge and Stigmatizing Attitude towards People Living with HIV/AIDS among Medical Students in Jordan

Knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 studies from 2010-2020

Knowledge, Attitudes, Threat Perception, and Practices toward HIV/AIDS among Youths in Iran: A Health Belief Model–Based Systematic Review

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