HIV Among African-Born Persons in the United States: A Hidden Epidemic?

Kerani, Roxanne P.; Kent, James; Sides, Tracy L; Dennis, Greg; Ibrahim, Abdel Rahman; Cross, Helene; Wiewel, Ellen W.; Wood, Robert; Golden, Matthew R.

doi:10.1097/qai.0b013e3181831806

Cited by 57 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…9 In a study evaluating aggregate data in eight states (California, Georgia, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, Washington State, New York, and Virginia/ Washington, D.C.) from 2003 to 2004, African-born individuals accounted for up to 49.8% of HIV diagnoses in black individuals (mean, 8.0%; range, 2-50%). 10 HIV testing is the first entry way into vital care and treatment services. Concurrent diagnosis of HIV and AIDS or obtaining a diagnosis of AIDS in close proximity to an initial diagnosis of HIV is usually attributed to late testing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

All Black People Are Not Alike: Differences in HIV Testing Patterns, Knowledge, and Experience of Stigma Between U.S.-Born and Non–U.S.-Born Blacks in Massachusetts

Ojikutu

Nnaji²,

Sithole

et al. 2013

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Non-U.S.-born black individuals comprise a significant proportion of the new diagnoses of HIV in the United States. Concurrent diagnosis (obtaining an AIDS diagnosis in close proximity to an initial diagnosis of HIV) is common in this subpopulation. Although efforts have been undertaken to increase HIV testing among African Americans, little is known about testing patterns among non-U.S.-born black people. A cross-sectional survey was self-administered by 1060 black individuals in Massachusetts (57% non-U.S.-born) to assess self-reported rates of HIV testing, risk factors, and potential barriers to testing, including stigma, knowledge, immigration status, and access to health care. Bivariate analysis comparing responses by birthplace and multivariate logistic regression assessing correlates of recent testing were completed. Non-U.S.-born individuals were less likely to report recent testing than U.S.-born (41.9% versus 55.6%, p < 0.0001). Of those who recently tested, the majority did so for immigration purposes, not because of perceived risk. Stigma was significantly higher and knowledge lower among non-U.S.-born individuals. In multivariate analysis, greater length of time since immigration was a significant predictor of nontesting among non-U.S.-born (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36-0.87). Poor health care access and older age were correlated to nontesting in both U.S.-and non-U.S.-born individuals. Our findings indicate that differences in HIV testing patterns exist by nativity. Efforts addressing unique factors limiting testing in non-U.S.-born black individuals are warranted.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

All Black People Are Not Alike: Differences in HIV Testing Patterns, Knowledge, and Experience of Stigma Between U.S.-Born and Non–U.S.-Born Blacks in Massachusetts

Ojikutu

Nnaji²,

Sithole

et al. 2013

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While immigrants as a group comprised about 13 % of the U.S. population, from 2007 to 2010, 16 % of people diagnosed with HIV were born outside the U.S. [2]. In a study in eight jurisdictions in the U.S., African-born persons were .6 % of the total population, however, accounted for 3.8 % HIV prevalence, although the rates highly varied among the sites [3]. In Minnesota, for instance, the African-born population was 1 % of the state's population, but accounted for 13 % of new HIV diagnosis in 2012 [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…During the same period, in the state of Minnesota, among 1047 African-born persons living with HIV 98 (9 %) and 234 (22 %) were immigrants from Somalia and Ethiopia, respectively [7]. Overall, African-born persons living in the U.S. are disproportionately affected by HIV epidemic [3][4][5][6][7]. The epidemiological dynamics of HIV epidemic among Africanborn immigrants in the U.S. is characterized by higher rates of HIV diagnosis-most affected are African-born black women, predominately heterosexual transmission, and late stage of diagnosis [2,4,[8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of Condom Use Among Somali and Ethiopian Immigrants in the U.S.

Ebrahim

Davis

Tomaka

2016

J Immigrant Minority Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The study examined correlates of consistent condom use in steady heterosexual relationships among Somali and Ethiopian immigrants in Minnesota. Study participants (n = 205) responded to questions on attitudes, social norms, perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, behavioral intention, and self-reported male condom use. Participants were neither for, nor against using condoms, and the same was true for social influence and self-efficacy; however, reported moderately favorable attitude toward condom use and little difficulties in using condoms. Self-efficacy emerged as the factor with the strongest direct influence on behavioral intention to use condoms. In turn, behavioral intention was a significant predictor of self-reported condom use. Increasing male condom use self-efficacy among Somali and Ethiopian immigrants is suggested as a main component of public health intervention seeking to curb the spread of HIV and other STIs in Minnesota.

show abstract

“…Akinsete et al 9 reported an increase from 4% in 1996 to 16% in 2005 in the percentage of newly diagnosed HIV-infected persons who are African-born in Minnesota; approximately one fifth were refugees admitted through the U.S. waiver program and the majority were diagnosed at an immigration examination. Kerani et al 10 looked at the rates of HIV diagnoses in Africanborn persons in areas of the United States with larger Africanborn immigrant populations. Overall, the African-born population was reported as only 0.6% of the total population and yet accounted for 3.8% of HIV diagnoses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the proportion of HIV-infected persons who were African-born varied from 1.3% in California to 20.2% in Minnesota, the burden of HIV in African-born was significantly disproportionate to the size of the African-born population within each area studied. 10 Johnson et al 11 conducted a broader evaluation of CDC data in foreign-born blacks from 33 states reporting HIV infections from 2001 to 2007. While their data show a decrease in HIV rates in both foreign-born and U.S.-born blacks, it was much less of a decrease in the foreign-born population.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%