HIV and adolescent girls and young women in sub‐Saharan Africa: A call for expedited action to reduce new infections

Murewanhema, Grant; Musuka, Godfrey; Moyo, Perseverance; Moyo, Enos; Dzinamarira, Tafadzwa

doi:10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.08.009

Cited by 41 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The association between HIV infection and sex is well established, with evidence that the risk of HIV infection is higher among both orphan and non-orphaned female adolescent and youth [24]. Numerous factors that increase vulnerability of HIV among orphaned females have been advanced, these include among others transactional sex due to pressure to generate household income or assume adult responsibilities coupled with gender power dynamics and inability to negotiate safe sex especially where adolescent girls are sexually coerced by older men who exploit them for sex or early marriages including polygamy [6,33,[36][37][38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV prevalence and associated factors among orphaned adolescents and youth aged 12-24 years in South Africa

Ndlovu

Mabaso

Naidoo

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Objectives The aim of this study examines the HIV prevalence and associated factors orphaned adolescents and youth in South Africa using the 2017 population based national survey.Results Of 1 978 orphaned participants aged 12–24 years. The overall HIV prevalence was 7.8% (95% CI: 6.3–9.6). HIV was higher among females (9.2%) compared to males (6.4%). HIV prevalence was significantly (p < 0.05) higher among Black Africans than other race groups (8.2% versus 1.4%), unemployed compared to those who are employed (8.2% versus 1.3%), no condom use at last sex act (13.8% versus 5.8% who used a condom), had high self-perceived risk of HIV infection (11.4% versus 5.7% with low perception), and those who ever had an HIV test (9.5% versus 5.3% never tested). In the final multivariate model, the odds of HIV infection were significantly higher among female than males [AOR = 2.9 (95%CI: 1.1–7.8), p = 0.032] and those residing in rural informal/tribal areas than urban areas [AOR = 2.9 (05% CI: 1.1–7.7), p = 0.031]. The findings suggest a need for intervention to create employment opportunities, promote protective sex, address perceived susceptibility to HIV and encourage routine testing. Prioritising orphaned female adolescents and youth and those residing in rural informal/tribal areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV prevalence and associated factors among orphaned adolescents and youth aged 12-24 years in South Africa

Ndlovu

Mabaso

Naidoo

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…African adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) starting PrEP have high rates of asymptomatic, curable bacterial STIs ( 64 , 65 ) making syndromic STI case management ineffective and necessitating the use of rapid, sensitive and affordable STI testing that is being enabled through point of care diagnostic technologies. The distribution of STIs, as well as HIV incidence and prevalence, is shifted toward younger age groups for females in comparison to males ( 66 ). Thus, the urgent need to prioritize and identify groups of AGYW who are most vulnerable to HIV and other STIs.…”

Section: Currently Available Hiv Prevention Strategies In Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women for science and science for women: Gaps, challenges and opportunities towards optimizing pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention

et al. 2022

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Preventing new HIV infections remains a global challenge. Young women continue to bear a disproportionate burden of infection. Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), offers a novel women-initiated prevention technology and PrEP trials completed to date underscore the importance of their inclusion early in trials evaluating new HIV PrEP technologies. Data from completed topical and systemic PrEP trials highlight the role of gender specific physiological and social factors that impact PrEP uptake, adherence and efficacy. Here we review the past and current developments of HIV-1 prevention options for women with special focus on PrEP considering the diverse factors that can impact PrEP efficacy. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of inclusion of female scientists, clinicians, and community advocates in scientific efforts to further improve HIV prevention strategies.

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“…Several studies have de ned risky sexual behaviour as sexual activities that increase a person's risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections including HIV thus affecting their health such as unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners, and others [9,10]. In sub-Saharan Africa, women are exposed to early marriages and more than 50% of rural women have had their rst baby before their 18th birthday which might limit future opportunities for economic independence and decision-making, and promote genderbased violence which makes them more vulnerable to HIV infection [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus among sexually active women in Rwanda: a nationwide survey

Nuwabaine

Kawuki

Namulema

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a global health burden and despite the advancements in antiretroviral therapy and various strategies employed to curb HIV infections, the incidence of HIV remains disproportionately high among women. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of the risk factors for acquisition of HIV among sexually active women in Rwanda. Methods Secondary data from the 2020 Rwanda Demographic Health Survey comprising 10,684 sexually active women was used. Multistage stratified sampling was employed to select the study participants. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to determine the associated risk factors, using the SPSS (version 25). Results Of the 10,684 sexually active women, 28.7% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 27.5–29.4) had at least one risk factor for HIV acquisition. Having no education (AOR = 3.65, 95%CI: 2.16–6.16), being unmarried (AOR = 4.50, 95%CI: 2.47–8.21), being from female-headed households (AOR = 1.75, 95%CI: 1.42–2.15), Protestant (AOR = 1.28, 95%CI: 1.09–1.50) and other religions (AOR = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.41–2.80), not having health insurance (AOR = 1.34, 95%CI: 1.09–1.65), no HIV test history (AOR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.01–2.08), being from the poorest wealth quintile (AOR = 1.61, 95%CI: 1.14–2.27) and lack of exposure to mass media (AOR = 1.30, 95%CI: 1.07–1.58) were associated with higher odds of risk factors for HIV acquisition. In contrast, age groups of 25–34 (AOR = 0.56, 95%CI: 0.44–0.71) and 35–44 (AOR = 0.62, 95%CI: 0.48–0.80) years, rural residence (AOR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.49–0.81) and being from western region (AOR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.48–0.94) were associated with less odds of risk factors for HIV acquisition. Conclusion More than a quarter of sexually active women in Rwanda had exposure to at least one risk factor for HIV acquisition. There is a need to maximize the use of mass media in disseminating HIV prevention and behavioral change messages. Engagement of religious leaders and promotion of HIV testing, especially among the never-testers would also be vital strategies in successful HIV prevention programs.

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HIV and adolescent girls and young women in sub‐Saharan Africa: A call for expedited action to reduce new infections

Cited by 41 publications

References 22 publications

HIV prevalence and associated factors among orphaned adolescents and youth aged 12-24 years in South Africa

HIV prevalence and associated factors among orphaned adolescents and youth aged 12-24 years in South Africa

Women for science and science for women: Gaps, challenges and opportunities towards optimizing pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention

Prevalence of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus among sexually active women in Rwanda: a nationwide survey

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