HIV and African Americans in the Southern United States: Sexual Networks and Social Context

Adimora, Adaora A.; Schoenbach, Victor J.; Doherty, Irene A.

doi:10.1097/01.olq.0000228298.07826.68

Cited by 238 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…A greater portion of black men with HIV infection were reported to have passed through a jail or prison in the past year (estimated between 22% and 28%), compared to white men with HIV infection (estimated between 11% and 17%). 45 Incarceration has been proposed to impact HIV risk by decreasing the number of marriageable men in black communities with high rates of incarceration, thereby promoting partner concurrency, 32,46 but this consideration is less relevant for MSM. Men may have additional HIV risk behaviors while incarcerated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of Arrest and Associated Factors among Men Who Have Sex with Men

et al. 2011

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Incarceration has been proposed to be a driving factor in the disproportionate impact of HIV in African-American communities. However, few data have been reported on disparities in criminal justice involvement by race among men who have sex with men (MSM). To describe history of arrest and associated factors among, we used data from CDC's National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system. Respondents were recruited by time-space sampling in venues frequented by MSM in 15 US cities from 2003 to 2005. Data on recent arrest (in the 12 months before the interview), risk behaviors, and demographic information were collected by face-to-face interview for MSM who did not report being HIV-positive. Six hundred seventy-nine (6.8%) of 10,030 respondents reported recent arrest. Compared with white MSM, black MSM were more likely to report recent arrest history (odds ratio (OR), 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3-2.1). Men who were less gay-identified (bisexual [OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-1.9] or heterosexual [OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2-3.5]) were more likely to report recent arrest than homosexually identified men. In addition, men who reported arrest history were more likely to have used non-injection (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.4-3.6) and injection (OR, 4.7; 95%, 3.3-6.7) drugs, exchanged sex (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 2.1-3.4), and had a female partner (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2-2.0) in the 12 months before interview. Recent arrest was associated with insertive unprotected anal intercourse in the 12 months before interview (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.7). Racial differences in arrest seen in the general US population are also present among MSM, and history of arrest was associated with high-risk sex. Future research and interventions should focus on clarifying the relationship between criminal justice involvement and sexual risk among MSM, particularly black MSM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of Arrest and Associated Factors among Men Who Have Sex with Men

et al. 2011

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“…[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Partner-related or sexual network factors have also been shown to be important in HIV risk among women, including sexual partner drug use, partner incarceration, concurrent sexual partnerships and assortative mixing (e.g., sex with other people from the same race and/or ethnicity). 7,9,[17][18][19][20] Limited data are available on the longitudinal occurrence of syndemic factors among women and how these factors relate to sexual risk over time. 21 Increasing our knowledge of these relationships can help guide screening approaches for syndemic factors and address these interacting factors in designing HIV prevention interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Sexual Risk and Syndemics among Women in Three Urban Areas in the United States: Analysis from HVTN 906

et al. 2015

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on behalf of the HVTN 906 study team ABSTRACT Limited data are available on the longitudinal occurrence of syndemic factors among women at risk for HIV infection in the USA and how these factors relate to sexual risk over time. HVTN 906 was a longitudinal study enrolling 799 HIV-uninfected women in three cities. Assessments were done at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months to assess syndemic factors (low education, low income, unemployment, lack of health insurance, housing instability, substance use, heavy alcohol use, partner violence, incarceration) and sexual risk outcomes. For each sexual risk outcome, a GEE model was fit with syndemic factors or syndemic score (defined as sum of binary syndemics, ranging from 0 to 9), visit, study site, age and race/ethnicity as predictors to examine the multivariable association between syndemic factors and outcomes over time. Odds of unprotected sex while drunk or high were significantly higher when women reported lack of health insurance, substance and heavy alcohol use and partner violence. Housing instability, substance and heavy alcohol use, partner violence and recent incarceration were associated with higher odds of having multiple sexual partners. Odds of sex exchange were significantly higher in the presence of unemployment, housing instability, low education, lack of health insurance, substance and heavy alcohol use, partner violence and incarceration. Housing instability, substance and heavy alcohol use, and partner violence were significantly associated with higher odds of unprotected anal sex. Odds of having a recent STI were significantly higher when women reported housing instability and partner violence. There were significantly higher odds of the reporting of any risk outcomes during follow-up with higher syndemic score. This study highlights a group of women experiencing multiple poor social and health outcomes who need to be the focus of comprehensive interventions.

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“…Recent epidemiological evidence suggests that a risk partner's characteristics may be as or more important than behaviors with that partner. 11,12 In this paper, a series of "who" and "with whom" questions are addressed regarding MSMW-who they constitute, with whom they identify, and with whom they have sex and use drugs. A central interest is the potential role of MSMW in the sexual transmission of HIV between men and women 1,5,13-17 as well as other potential bridge relationships, for example between drug-using MSMW and nondrug users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Sexual Identity, Risk Practices, and Sex Partners between Bisexual Men and Other Men among a Low-Income Drug-Using Sample

et al. 2009

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Men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) represent an important target population for understanding the spread of HIV because of the inherent bridging aspect of their sexual behavior. Despite their potential to spread HIV between gender groups, relatively little recent data have been reported about this population as a subgroup distinct from men who have sex with men only. This paper analyzes data from the Chicago site of Sexual Acquisition and Transmission of HIV Cooperative Agreement Program to characterize 343 MSMW in terms of their demographics, drug use, sexual risk behavior, sexual identity, and sex partners. Results show the MSMW sample to be extremely disadvantaged; to have high rates of drug use, including injection and crack use; to report more female than male sex partners; to not differ from gay and heterosexual men in rates of condom use; and, for the most part, to report sexual identities that are consistent with their sex behavior. MSMW represent an important subpopulation in the HIV epidemic and should be targeted for risk reduction interventions.

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HIV and African Americans in the Southern United States: Sexual Networks and Social Context

Abstract: Concurrency and bridging likely contribute to increased heterosexual HIV transmission among blacks in the South; contextual factors promote these network patterns in this population.

Cited by 238 publications

References 48 publications

History of Arrest and Associated Factors among Men Who Have Sex with Men

History of Arrest and Associated Factors among Men Who Have Sex with Men

HIV Sexual Risk and Syndemics among Women in Three Urban Areas in the United States: Analysis from HVTN 906

Differences in Sexual Identity, Risk Practices, and Sex Partners between Bisexual Men and Other Men among a Low-Income Drug-Using Sample

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