HIV and hepatocellular and esophageal carcinomas related to consumption of mycotoxin-prone foods in sub-Saharan Africa

Williams, Jonathan; Grubb, Jessica A; Davis, Jerry W; Wang, Jiasheng; Jolly, Pauline E.; Ankrah, Nii‐Ayi; Ellis, William O.; Afriyie-Gyawu, Evans; Johnson, Natalie M.; Robinson, Abraham; Phillips, Timothy D.

doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28761

Cited by 69 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Further, it is a potent immunotoxic agent in animals and also changes T-cell phenotypes in humans, which may aggravate the burden of infectious diseases in the developing world (Williams et al 2004;Jiang et al 2005;Wild 2007). AF contamination is an important problem in relation to food quality/food safety in Africa as a result of poor production and storage practices for major staples of the African diet (Hell et al 2000;Williams et al 2004Williams et al , 2010Lewis et al 2005). Studies in Uganda indicate that AF exposure is broadly similar to that reported from other African countries (Kaaya & Warren 2005).…”

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confidence: 49%

“…Email: jswang@uga.edu Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 2015http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2015 and inadequate storage conditions. AF contamination has been reported in maize, cassava, groundnuts and locally manufactured baby foods including baby soya and rice porridge (Williams et al 2004(Williams et al , 2010Kaaya & Eboku 2010;Kitya et al 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Human exposure to AF and its linkage to adverse health effects in various human populations have been well studied in some West African countries (Williams et al 2004(Williams et al , 2010, as well as in Kenya (AzzizBaumgartner et al 2005;Lewis et al 2005;Yard et al 2013), a neighbouring country to Uganda. However, no human exposure studies have ever been assessed in Uganda with the exception of an earlier pilot investigation in small numbers of children and a recent pilot study (Wild et al 1990;Asiki et al 2014), although a link between AF and hepatoma was suggested decades ago in Uganda (Alpert et al 1968(Alpert et al , 1971Serck-Hanssen 1970).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal evaluation of aflatoxin exposure in two cohorts in south-western Uganda

Kang

Nkurunziza

Muwanika

et al. 2015

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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akes every effort t o ensure t he accuracy of all t he inform at ion ( t he " Cont ent " ) cont ained in t he publicat ions on our plat form . However, Taylor & Francis, our agent s, and our licensors m ake no represent at ions or warrant ies what soever as t o t he accuracy, com plet eness, or suit abilit y for any purpose of t he Cont ent . Any opinions and views expressed in t his publicat ion are t he opinions and views of t he aut hors, and are not t he views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of t he Cont ent should not be relied upon and should be independent ly verified wit h prim ary sources of inform at ion. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, act ions, claim s, proceedings, dem ands, cost s, expenses, dam ages, and ot her liabilit ies what soever or howsoever caused arising direct ly or indirect ly in connect ion wit h, in relat ion t o or arising out of t he use of t he Cont ent . This art icle m ay be used for research, t eaching, and privat e st udy purposes. Any subst ant ial or syst em at ic reproduct ion, redist ribut ion, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, syst em at ic supply, or dist ribut ion in any form t o anyone is expressly forbidden. Term s & Condit ions of access and use can be found at ht t p: / / www.t andfonline.com / page/ t erm s-and-condit ions Aflatoxins (AF) are a group of mycotoxins. AF exposure causes acute and chronic adverse health effects such as aflatoxicosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in human populations, especially in the developing world. In this study, AF exposure was evaluated using archived serum samples from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative participants from two cohort studies in south-western Uganda. AFB 1 -lysine (AFB-Lys) adduct levels were determined via HPLC fluorescence in a total of 713 serum samples from the General Population Cohort (GPC), covering eight time periods between 1989 and 2010. Overall, 90% (642/713) of the samples were positive for AFB-Lys and the median level was 1.58 pg mg −1 albumin (range = 0.40-168 pg mg −1 albumin). AFB-Lys adduct levels were also measured in a total of 374 serum samples from the Rakai Community Cohort Study (RCCS), across four time periods between 1999 and 2003. The averaged detection rate was 92.5% (346/374) and the median level was 1.18 pg mg −1 albumin (range = 0.40-122.5 pg mg −1 albumin). In the GPC study there were no statistically significant differences between demographic parameters, such as age, sex and level of education, and levels of serum AFB-Lys adduct. In the RCCS study, longitudinal analysis using generalised estimating equations revealed significant differences between the adduct levels and residential areas (p = 0.05) and occupations (p = 0.02). This study indicates that AF exposure in people in two populations in south-western Uganda is persistent and has not significantly changed over time. Data from one study, but not the other, indicated that agriculture workers and rural area residents had more AF exposure than those non-agricultural workers and non...

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confidence: 49%

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confidence: 99%

Section: Please Scroll Down For Arti Clementioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal evaluation of aflatoxin exposure in two cohorts in south-western Uganda

Kang

Nkurunziza

Muwanika

et al. 2015

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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“…High fumonisin levels in animal feed cause the specific diseases equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary oedema, and a variety of other adverse effects in multiple animal species ranging from reduced weight gain and productivity to immunotoxicity (Wu and Munkvold, 2008). Recent research has associated human exposures to fumonisins in Africa with increased susceptibility to HIV (Williams et al, 2010).…”

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Climate change impacts on mycotoxin risks in US maize

Bhatnagar

Bui-Klimke

et al. 2011

WMJ

146

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To ensure future food security, it is crucial to understand how potential climate change scenarios will affect agriculture. One key area of interest is how climatic factors, both in the near- and the long-term future, could affect fungal infection of crops and mycotoxin production by these fungi. The objective of this paper is to review the potential impact of climate change on three important mycotoxins that contaminate maize in the United States, and to highlight key research questions and approaches for understanding this impact. Recent climate change analyses that pertain to agriculture and in particular to mycotoxigenic fungi are discussed, with respect to the climatic factors – temperature and relative humidity – at which they thrive and cause severe damage. Additionally, we discuss how climate change will likely alter the life cycles and geographic distribution of insects that are known to facilitate fungal infection of crops.

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“…There was a positive relationship between the AF level of white flour samples and the risk of esophageal cancer in Iran. The humidity and temperature of silos were the most important determinants of AF contamination of white flour [65]. There are some reports about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission frequency being positively associated with maize consumption in Africa.…”

Section: Aflatoxins In Oesophageal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Gastroenterologists Consider Aflatoxins as Origin of Digestive System Cancers?

Carvajal-Moreno¹

2017

J Pharmacovigil

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Aflatoxins are important etiological factors for cancers in the digestive system that have not been extensively studied. The present review describes reports of the presence of aflatoxins in cancers of the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, colon and rectum. The presence of AFB 1 -FAPY adducts and mutations in codon 249 of the tumor suppressor gene p53 in colorectal cancer tumors and Ki-ras activation by point mutation in pancreas cancer are reliable criteria to accept AFs as an important etiological factor. The Ministries of Health of the different countries should perform more preventive practices on crops in the field and in warehouses; they should chemically analyze aflatoxins in fresh and industrialized foods for humans and feeds for animals to avoid the presence of these dangerous toxins.

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HIV and hepatocellular and esophageal carcinomas related to consumption of mycotoxin-prone foods in sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 69 publications

References 27 publications

Longitudinal evaluation of aflatoxin exposure in two cohorts in south-western Uganda

Longitudinal evaluation of aflatoxin exposure in two cohorts in south-western Uganda

Climate change impacts on mycotoxin risks in US maize

Do Gastroenterologists Consider Aflatoxins as Origin of Digestive System Cancers?

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