HIV and intimate partner violence among methadone-maintained women in New York City

El‐Bassel, Nabila; Gilbert, Louisa; Wu, Elwin; Go, Hyun; Hill, Jennifer

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.11.035

Cited by 146 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…3 Additionally, and most noteworthy, we identified severe physical victimization as a significant predictor of acquiring a high-risk sexual partner in the following year, even after adjusting for race. Our findings replicate those of similar studies of IPV among illicit drug-using women, 6 but is among the first to suggest that adult severe physical victimization may be associated with acquisition of a high-risk sexual partner among heterosexual men.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…4 Physical victimization has been linked to high-risk sexual partnerships in women like having an HIV-positive sexual partner and other risk factors for HIV including having unprotected sex and having an STI. 5,6 Although men are more likely to be victims of any kind of violence, 3,7 the few studies examining physical victimization and sexual risk behavior among men have mostly focused on intimate partner violence (IPV) among men who have sex with men (MSM). [8][9][10][11] Fewer studies have examined the association between physical victimization and sexual risk behavior in heterosexual men or illicit drug users.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Physical Victimization and High-Risk Sexual Partners among Illicit Drug-Using Heterosexual Men in New York City

et al. 2014

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Physical victimization has been linked to high-risk sexual partnerships in women. Although illicit drug-using heterosexual men are at high-risk of physical victimization, the association between violence and high-risk partners in heterosexual men has received little attention in the published literature. We examined the association between experience of severe physical victimization and acquisition of a high-risk sexual partner (i.e., a partner who injected drugs or participated in transactional sex) 1 year later among illicit drug-using men in New York City (2006-2009) using secondary cross-sectional data. Injection and non-injection drug-using men (n=280) provided a retrospectively recalled history of risk behavior and violence for each year over the past 4 years. Our primary outcome was acquisition of a high-risk sexual partner in any year following the baseline year. Our primary exposure was severe physical victimization (i.e., threatened with a knife or gun, beaten up, shot, or stabbed) in the prior year. Frequency of cocaine, heroin, and crack use and sexual victimization were also assessed. Log-binomial logistic regression with generalized estimating equation (GEE) methods was used to account for repeated measures for up to four time points. After adjustment for important covariates, participants that experienced physical victimization were significantly more likely to have acquired a high-risk sexual partner 1 year later (relative risk (RR), 3.73; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.55-8.97). Our study challenges gender-based stereotypes surrounding physical victimization and provides support for multidisciplinary programs that address both violence and HIV risk among illicit drugusing heterosexual men. KEYWORDS Physical victimization, Sexual risk behavior, Illicit drug users, Male victimsInjection drug users (IDUs) and non-injection drug users (non-IDUs) are at increased risk of being victims of physical violence compared to the general population. 1,2 In a substance abuse treatment sample, 61 % of men and 65 % of women reported being the victim of physical partner violence, and 75 % of men and 45 % of women reported physical victimization from a person other than an intimate partner in the past 12 months. 3 The HIV risk behaviors of an individual's sexual partners, in addition to condom use, have significant epidemiological implications for the Turner, Rivera, and Lewis are with the

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Victimization and High-Risk Sexual Partners among Illicit Drug-Using Heterosexual Men in New York City

et al. 2014

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“…Intimate partner violence among women in methadone treatment has been associated with visiting shooting galleries, living with someone with drug or alcohol abuse problems, and exchanging sex for money or drugs (El-Bassel et al, 2000). Other risk factors and correlates of physical violence that have been documented among populations of drug-using women include: younger age (Vlahov et al, 1998); being separated or divorced (Gruskin et al, 2002); inconsistent condom use (El-Bassel et al, 2005); having multiple sex partners (Wenzel et al, 2004a); unstable housing (Wenzel et al, 2004b); marijuana use (Burke et al, 2005); and frequent alcohol use (Chermack and Blow, 2002). Childhood sexual and physical abuse is also commonly found to be a strong and independent predictor of adult physical violence among women currently using illicit drugs and among those enrolled in drug treatment programs (Gilbert et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical violence among a prospective cohort of injection drug users: A gender-focused approach

Marshall

Fairbairn

et al. 2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Although dramatically heightened rates of violence have been observed among injection drug users (IDU), little is known about the gender differences associated with violence among this population. Employing a risk environment framework, we performed an analysis of the factors associated with experiencing violence among participants enrolled in a prospective cohort study of IDU during the years 1996-2005 using generalized estimating equations (GEE). Among 1114 individuals, 291 (66%) of females and 470 (70%) of males reported experiencing violence during the study period. In multivariate analyses, mental illness, frequent alcohol use, frequent crack use, homelessness, Downtown Eastside residency, and requiring help injecting were positively associated with experiencing violence for both sexes (all p < 0.05). For females, binge drug use (AOR = 1.30) and drug dealing (AOR = 1.42) were positively associated with violence, while younger age (AOR = 1.02), frequent heroin injection (AOR = 1.24), and incarceration (AOR = 1.50) were significant for males. Women were more likely to be attacked by acquaintances, partners, and sex trade clients, while men were more likely to experience violence from strangers and the police. These findings indicate that susceptibility to violence among IDU is structured by environmental factors such as homelessness and drug-related factors such as frequent alcohol use and involvement in drug economies. Furthermore, important gender differences with respect to the predictors and characteristics of violent attacks do exist. These findings indicate an urgent need for the development of comprehensive programs and structural interventions that take a gender-focused approach to violence among IDU.

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“…5,6 The SAVA (substance abuse, violence, and AIDS/HIV) syndemic identified such a set of mutually reinforcing health issues among women. 1,4,5,[7][8][9][10][11][12] In this paper, we examine how sexual minority status, substance use and high-risk sex impact women's risk for violence, specifically sexual abuse, emotional intimate partner violence (IPV) and physical violence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transactional sex is associated with increased physical and sexual violence, from clients and intimate partners, 9,[16][17][18][19][20][21] as well as higher numbers of sex partners [22][23][24][25] and increased substance use. 22,24,26 Substance use may also contribute to poor decision-making and aggressive behaviors of both victims and perpetrators that increase violence, as well as participation in risky activities to obtain drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Minority Status and Violence Among HIV Infected and At-Risk Women

et al. 2014

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HIV and intimate partner violence among methadone-maintained women in New York City

Cited by 146 publications

References 57 publications

Physical Victimization and High-Risk Sexual Partners among Illicit Drug-Using Heterosexual Men in New York City

Physical Victimization and High-Risk Sexual Partners among Illicit Drug-Using Heterosexual Men in New York City

Physical violence among a prospective cohort of injection drug users: A gender-focused approach

Sexual Minority Status and Violence Among HIV Infected and At-Risk Women

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