Hiv and Onset of Schizophrenia

Jones, Gareth H.; Kelly, Clara; Davies, Julia

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(87)90333-3

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The identification of the syphilis spirochete as the causative organism allowed these forms of “insanity” to be diagnostically separated out from other psychotic disorders. Much more recently, it has become apparent that infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can (albeit rarely) present initially with CNS disturbances, including symptoms of psychosis (Jones et al 1987; Elder and Sever 1988; Perry 1990). Although this retrovirus was proved to be the cause of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the precise pathogenic mechanisms by which some patients with HIV infection develop dementia, or more rarely psychosis, remain to be elucidated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection and Autoimmunity as Etiologic Factors in Schizophrenia: A Review and Reappraisal

Kirch

1993

Schizophrenia Bulletin

164

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The focus of schizophrenia research has been turning from studies of structural and functional brain abnormalities to an increasing emphasis on possible etiologic factors. One etiologic hypothesis is that schizophrenia is the result of an infection (especially by a virus) or of an autoimmune reaction (perhaps following an infection) against central nervous system (CNS) tissue. Indirect evidence supporting this hypothesis includes possible geographic variance in the prevalence of schizophrenia, a season-of-birth effect, and observed associations between schizophrenia and prenatal exposure to viral epidemics. Several studies of cell-based and humoral immunity, as well as studies of cytokines, have indicated abnormalities in the immune function of schizophrenia patients, but many of these findings have not been replicated consistently. In addition, most observed alterations in immune function have been modest in degree and nonspecific. Attempts to identify a specific infectious agent or an antibody directed against CNS tissue have not produced a consistently replicable finding. In summary, no research evidence to date irrefutably indicates an infectious or autoimmune etiologic process in schizophrenia. It is probably unreasonable, however, to view schizophrenia as having a single cause. It is much more likely to be a heterogeneous disorder resulting from interactions between multiple factors, including the person's genetic endowment and various environmental influences. Infectious agents or CNS autoantibodies may well be among these environmental variables. A major current emphasis is on studying potential interactions between exposure to an infection or an autoimmune response and key early phases of brain development. A corresponding priority in the research agenda will be the development of animal models of CNS development that might elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of such an interaction.

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confidence: 99%

Infection and Autoimmunity as Etiologic Factors in Schizophrenia: A Review and Reappraisal

Kirch

1993

Schizophrenia Bulletin

164

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“…Another patient had no response to multiple antiparkinsonian agents (313). Scurlock et al (298) reported an AIDS patient who developed a grand mal seizure while taking chlorpromazine, and Jones et al (314) reported a grand mal seizure in one man with symptomatic HIV infection who was taking amitriptyline and chlorpromazine.…”

Section: Antipsychotic Medicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With HIV/AIDS

APA Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: Comprehensive Guidelines and Guideline Watches

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The American Psychiatric Association (APA) Practice Guidelines are not intended to be construed or to serve as a standard of medical care. Standards of medical care are determined on the basis of all clinical data available for an individual patient and are subject to change as scientific knowledge and technology advance and practice patterns evolve. These parameters of practice should be considered guidelines only. Adherence to them will not ensure a successful outcome for every individual, nor should they be interpreted as including all proper methods of care or excluding other acceptable methods of care aimed at the same results. The ultimate judgment regarding a particular clinical procedure or treatment plan must be made by the psychiatrist in light of the clinical data presented by the patient and the diagnostic and treatment options available.This practice guideline has been developed by psychiatrists who are in active clinical practice. In addition, some contributors are primarily involved in research or other academic endeavors. It is possible that through such activities some contributors, including work group members and reviewers, have received income related to treatments discussed in this guideline. A number of mechanisms are in place to minimize the potential for producing biased recommendations due to conflicts of interest. Work group members are selected on the basis of their expertise and integrity. Any work group member or reviewer who has a potential conflict of interest that may bias (or appear to bias) his or her work is asked to disclose this to the Steering Committee on Practice Guidelines and the work group. Iterative guideline drafts are reviewed by the Steering Committee, other experts, allied organizations, APA members, and the APA Assembly and Board of Trustees; substantial revisions address or integrate the comments of these multiple reviewers. The development of the APA practice guidelines is not financially supported by any commercial organization.More detail about mechanisms in place to minimize bias is provided in a document available from the APA Department of Quality Improvement and Psychiatric Services, "APA Guideline Development Process."This practice guideline was approved in July 2000 and published in November 2000.

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Psychosocial and neuropsychiatric aspects of HIV infection: Review of their extent and implications for psychiatry

Catalán

1988

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

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Hiv and Onset of Schizophrenia

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Infection and Autoimmunity as Etiologic Factors in Schizophrenia: A Review and Reappraisal

Infection and Autoimmunity as Etiologic Factors in Schizophrenia: A Review and Reappraisal

Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With HIV/AIDS

Psychosocial and neuropsychiatric aspects of HIV infection: Review of their extent and implications for psychiatry

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