HIV-associated comorbidities as mediators of the association between people living with HIV and hospital-acquired infections

Rojas, Dayana; Wendell, Deborah; Ferguson, Tekeda; Robinson, William T.; Trepka, Mary Jo; Straif-Bourgeois, Susanne

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2019.05.028

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…CD4 is a type of white blood cell that helps the immune system fight infections. When the CD4 count is low, the immune system is weakened and more susceptible to opportunistic infections, which predisposes to HAIs, as highlighted by Castro-Lima VAC et al (6) and Rojas D (7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mortality from Infections Associated with Health Care in Patients with HIV in Paraguay

Lopez,

Aguilar,

Rios-González

2024

Med Clín Soc

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Introduction: Few studies have evaluated HAIs in an HIV population; however, studies have suggested that patients with HIV are at a higher risk of contracting HAI because they have high rates of hospitalization and longer hospital stays. Objective: To determine mortality due to Infections Associated with Health Care in Patients with HIV in Paraguay from January to December 2018 to 2021. Methodology: This was an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of people over 18 years of age who died with a diagnosis of HIV infection and IAAS of both sexes during that period. The study variables were demographic, HIV-related, Baseline Viral Load, Stage of HIV infection at the time of diagnosis, Time from HIV diagnosis to death (in months), comorbidities at the time of death, microorganism isolation, presence, and location. of IAAS. Results: 93 patients with IAAS were included in the study, of which 34.4% (32) were between 20 and 29 years of age and 19.3% (18). Regarding the type of population, 79.3% (73) were in the general population, 77.6% (59) were diagnosed with AIDS, and 68.6% (59) had a baseline CD4 count of less than 200 cells/mm3. The mortality rate in 2020 was 6.7%, during 2018 it was 6.5% and in 2021 it and 6.4%. Conclusion: People with HIV, especially those who have been diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease, are more likely to develop HAIs and are related to mortality. This is due to the presence of multiple opportunistic infections and comorbidities that favor a high number of hospitalizations and longer hospital stays.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These infections are characterized by being acquired during medical care and can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites (7). The risk of developing HAI is higher in patients with HIV infection than in those without.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality from Infections Associated with Health Care in Patients with HIV in Paraguay

Lopez,

Aguilar,

Rios-González

2024

Med Clín Soc

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Investigation of hospital-acquired infections prevalence and analysis of influencing factors: a case study of a specialized infectious disease hospital in Chongqing, 2017–2023

Deng,

Li,

Liu

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and their main influencing factors in a specialized infectious disease hospital in Chongqing from 2017 to 2023, providing reference for the formulation of precise infection control measures.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional survey method was employed, combining bedside investigations with medical record reviews. Surveys were conducted on all hospitalized patients on a certain day of the last week of October each year from 2017 to 2023. Data collected included patients’ basic information, diagnosis, and hospital infection status. Statistical analysis, including retrospective case–control and multivariable logistic regression analysis, was performed to identify the risk factors for hospital infections.ResultsThe investigation compliance rate for the prevalence of HAIs in the specialized infectious disease hospital in Chongqing from 2017 to 2023 was greater than 96% each year. The prevalence rate of HAIs ranged from 0.89 to 2.52%. Hospital infection departments were mainly concentrated in general internal medicine, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS departments, accounting for 31.25, 26.25, and 23.75%, respectively. The most common infection site was the lower respiratory tract (54.22%), followed by bloodstream and urinary tract infections, each accounting for 9.64%. The predominant pathogens of hospital infections were Klebsiella pneumoniae and fungi. The utilization rate of antimicrobial drugs ranged from 20.75 to 33.25%, primarily for monotherapy. The rate of pathogen testing for therapeutic antimicrobial drug use was 82.84%, meeting national requirements. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the use of antibiotic (OR = 7.46, 95%CI 2.54–21.89, p < 0.001) and the presence of cardiovascular diseases (OR = 26.69, 95%CI 6.69–106.54, p < 0.001) increased the risk of HAIs.ConclusionThe prevalence of HAIs in specialized infectious disease hospitals remains stable, primarily concentrated in departments such as general internal medicine, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS. The lower respiratory tract is the main infection site, and comorbid cardiovascular diseases and antibiotic use are risk factors for HAIs. Therefore, to reduce the risk of hospital infections, it is necessary to strengthen the daily monitoring of key departments and the care of key patients. Further implementation of precise and effective infection control measures, including rational antibiotic use, regular infection monitoring and pathogen culture is warranted.

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HIV-associated comorbidities as mediators of the association between people living with HIV and hospital-acquired infections

Cited by 2 publications

References 21 publications

Mortality from Infections Associated with Health Care in Patients with HIV in Paraguay

Mortality from Infections Associated with Health Care in Patients with HIV in Paraguay

Investigation of hospital-acquired infections prevalence and analysis of influencing factors: a case study of a specialized infectious disease hospital in Chongqing, 2017–2023

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