HIV-Associated Immune Dysregulation in the Skin: A Crucible for Exaggerated Inflammation and Hypersensitivity

Chimbetete, Tafadzwa; Buck, Chloe; Choshi, Phuti; Selim, Rose; Pedretti, Sarah; Divito, Sherrie J.; Phillips, Elizabeth; Lehloenya, Rannakoe; Peter, Jonny

doi:10.1016/j.jid.2022.07.035

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 140 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…When individuals with advanced HIV infection experience a viral infection, the normal Th1 lymphocyte response switches to a Th2 lymphocyte response. The measurement of serum cytokine levels in HIV-infected patients revealed an increase in Th2 cytokines (Chimbetete et al 2023). During the early stages of HIV infection, the presence of IL-4 triggers differentiation, leading to the development of cytokine dominance in Th2 lymphocytes as the disease progresses to an advanced stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expressions of Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-5 in Nodular Prurigo and Pruritic Papular Lesions

Ayu Wikan Sayekti,

Ann Kautsaria Putri,

Dwi Retno Adi Winarni

et al. 2024

FMI

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Highlights:1. An examination of IL-4 and IL-5 expressions in nodular prurigo and pruritic papular eruption is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of biological agent therapy, specifically for HIV/AIDS patients.2. The findings offer evidence suggesting the possibility of IL-4 as a treatment target for individuals diagnosed with nodular prurigo, as well as IL-4 and IL-5 for those diagnosed with pruritic papular eruption. AbstractPruritic papular eruption is a dermatosis characterized by pruritic symptoms in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Similarly, nodular prurigo is an itchy dermatosis with lesions and histopathological features that resemble those of pruritic papular eruption. Both conditions share a common etiopathogenesis, which involves the cytokines produced by T helper 2 (Th2) cells. Nodular prurigo and pruritic papular eruption are chronic and frequently recalcitrant, thus posing challenges in treatment. The use of biological agents represents a treatment development for chronic and recalcitrant dermatoses. This study aimed to determine the difference in the mean percentage of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-5 (IL-5) expressions between nodular prurigo and pruritic papular eruption lesions, which may establish a basis for further biological agent therapy. A cross-sectional study was conducted using paraffin block preparations of the skin lesions of patients diagnosed with nodular prurigo (n=16) and pruritic papular eruption (n=16). Each paraffin block preparation involved immunohistochemical staining using IL-4 and IL-5 monoclonal antibodies. The expressions of IL-4 and IL-5 were assessed through ImageJ for Windows, version 1.53 (National Institutes of Health and the Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, USA) by pathologists. The data were analyzed using an unpaired t-test with a significance level of p<0.05. The analytical results indicated that data on the average age of the two groups, disease duration, and storage sample duration followed a normal distribution (p>0.05). The mean percentage of IL-4 expression was significantly different between the nodular prurigo and pruritic papular eruption groups (p=0.000). However, the mean percentage of IL-5 expression was not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.060). In conclusion, the expression of IL-4 was higher in the nodular prurigo group in comparison to the pruritic papular eruption group. Nonetheless, the expression of IL-5 was comparably high in both the nodular prurigo and pruritic papular eruption groups.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expressions of Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-5 in Nodular Prurigo and Pruritic Papular Lesions

Ayu Wikan Sayekti,

Ann Kautsaria Putri,

Dwi Retno Adi Winarni

et al. 2024

FMI

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is due to the active destruction of CD4+ cells by the virus, increased percentage of CD4+ T-cells undergoing apoptosis, reduction in the proliferative capacity of CD4+ T-cells, and an increase in the expression of CD4+ T-cell inhibitory molecules like CTLA-4 and PD-1. The reduction in CD4+ T-cells drives a switch from Th1 to Th2 cytokine polarization resulting in a progressive decline of IFN-γ and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte functioning and an incline in IL-4, IL-5, and IgE ( 26 ). The Th2 polarization results in impaired barrier function and resultant predisposition to allergen sensitization.…”

Section: Hiv and Photosensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In HIV infection, there is a compensatory expansion of CD8+ T-cells, terminal effector T cells in the skin in an effort to control ongoing retroviral infection and mediate tissue damage. The overall effect of this immune dysregulation sometimes has a consequence of inducing new skin disorders, including photodermatoses ( 26 , 29 ).…”

Section: Hiv and Photosensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-associated photodermatitis in African populations

Isaacs

Lehloenya

2023

Front. Allergy

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Photosensitive dermatoses are seen in 5% of HIV-infected persons. These include drug- and chemical-induced photoallergic and phototoxic reactions, chronic actinic dermatitis of HIV, photo lichenoid drug eruptions, and porphyria. Data on photodermatitis in HIV are limited to case reports and series. The pathogenesis is not completely understood and includes a th2 phenotype in HIV which results in impaired barrier function and resultant allergen sensitisation as well as immune dysregulation. The objective of this manuscript is to review the literature on the clinical phenotype, pathogenesis, role of photo and patch testing, outcomes, and treatment of photodermatitis in HIV in an African population.

show abstract

“…Although introduction of ART has led to decreased incidence of HIV-related cutaneous disorders, the antiretrovirals (ARVs) themselves have been the cause of several skin drug reactions, especially due to administration of multiple drugs simultaneously to a single patient [ 35 ].…”

Section: Metabolic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on HIV-Associated Dermatologic Manifestations: From Epidemiology to Clinical Management

Afshar

Goodarzi

Emadi

et al. 2023

International Journal of Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dermatological disorders are among the most prevalent manifestations of HIV infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this review, we aimed to characterize the various dermatologic presentations among HIV-infected patients with a detailed categorization of the mucocutaneous signs and symptoms, their etiopathogenic factors, and clinical management. In fact, cutaneous manifestations of HIV are quite various, ranging from AIDS-specific skin eruptions (xerosis, pruritic papular eruptions, eosinophilic folliculitis, and acne), opportunistic infections (herpes simplex, molluscum contagiosum, cutaneous leishmaniasis, bacillary angiomatosis, disseminated histoplasmosis, disseminated cryptococcosis, and zoster) to AIDS-related malignancies (Kaposi’s sarcoma, lymphoma, and nonmelanoma skin cancers) and antiretroviral therapy (ART)-associated drug eruptions. We tried to classify HIV-related cutaneous presentations which can help clinicians for a better understanding of the various specific and nonspecific features of AIDS-associated cutaneous manifestations and management of the condition.

show abstract

HIV-Associated Immune Dysregulation in the Skin: A Crucible for Exaggerated Inflammation and Hypersensitivity

Cited by 9 publications

References 140 publications

Expressions of Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-5 in Nodular Prurigo and Pruritic Papular Lesions

Expressions of Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-5 in Nodular Prurigo and Pruritic Papular Lesions

HIV-associated photodermatitis in African populations

A Comprehensive Review on HIV-Associated Dermatologic Manifestations: From Epidemiology to Clinical Management

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About