HIV coinfections with tuberculosis among HIV-1 infected individuals in old cross river state, Nigeria

Okonko, I. O.; Ejike, Immaculate Ugochi; Innocent-Adiele, Chioma; Cookey, Tochi Ifeoma

doi:10.1080/15321819.2020.1717527

Cited by 5 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Sex-specific prevalence of TB in HIV-infected individuals also revealed a higher prevalence in males (22.6%) compared to female counterparts (21.1%). This is not consistent with our earlier study which reported a higher prevalence in females than in males [4]. Lawson et al [30] also were stated that females were more prone to HIV/TB co-infection than males.…”

Section: Tuberculosis In Hiv-infected Individualscontrasting

confidence: 93%

“…Age-specific prevalence of HIV/TB co-infection revealed a higher prevalence in the age group 41 years & above (35.7%) compared to other age groups. This is consistent with our previous findings in a similar study in Cross Rivers State, Nigeria which reported a higher prevalence in patients above 45 years of age [4]. This observation differs from our previous study [27] in Port Harcourt, Nigeria which reported a higher prevalence in patients below 30 years.…”

Section: Tuberculosis In Hiv-infected Individualssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The overall prevalence of HIV/TB co-infection reported in this study is higher than what was reported in our previous studies, 1.4% in Old Cross River State, Nigeria [4], 0.6% in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria [4] and 1.2% in Cross River State, Nigeria [4]. Also, higher than the 17.6%…”

Section: Tuberculosis In Hiv-infected Individualscontrasting

confidence: 81%

“…The frequency of HIV is now becoming pandemic in our world, most especially developing countries such as Nigeria. Co-infection is another major challenge because it affects the rate to which the disease progress to AIDS [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 2019 WHO Global Tuberculosis Report estimated 1.5 million people deaths from TB in 2018 (including 251 000 people with HIV) and 10 million people were infected of TB worldwide [9]. HIV and Tuberculosis (TB) are the two main global public health threats that dent development in low and middle-income countries [4]. There is a wellestablished relationship between HIV and Tuberculosis (which is a transmissible infection that usually attacks the lungs) [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Some Opportunistic Infections (OIs) and Co-infections among HIV-Infected Persons in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Okonko

Onwusor

Awanye

et al. 2020

SAJRM

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Aim: HIV/AIDS continues to spread globally and remains a worldwide pandemic. Opportunistic infections (OIs) occur more and are severe in people living with HIV who have weakened immune systems, and co-infection is another major challenge because it affects the rate to which the disease progress to AIDS. In the present study, a total of 100 HIV positive patients were recruited and evaluated for the presence of common opportunistic infections (OIs) and co-infections among HIV-infected individuals in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Prime Medical Consultants in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, between June 2012 and July 2015. Methods: A total of 100 HIV-infected individuals were recruited for this study (ages 1 to 70 years, 62 males and 38 females). Samples of blood, sputum, high vaginal swabs (HVS) and scrapped lesion from the mouth of the patients were collected. Blood samples were re-screened for the presence of HIV antibodies and HBsAg using the Determine HIV-1/2 (Alere), HIV ½ Stat-Pak (Chembio), HIV-1/2/P24/O ELISA kit and HBsAg one Ultra ELISA kit (Dia.Pro) following the respective manufacturer's instructions. The Ziehl-Neelsen sputum smear microscopy method was used for identifying tuberculosis (TB). Microscopical examination was done on HVS samples and lesions scrapings from the mouth to observe for Candida. Chi-square test was used to establish relationships between demographic factors and prevalence, and significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: Of the 100 HIV positive patients, suspected case were 32.0% of TB, 28.0% of oral thrush and vaginosis, and 19.0% of hepatitis. The results of the laboratory analysis further showed that tuberculosis was the most common OI among others. Overall prevalence was 22.0% for TB, 11.0% for Candida albicans (oral thrush), 28.9% for Candida albicans (vaginosis) and 4.0% for HBV. Higher prevalence of TB was observed in the age groups 41 years & above (35.7%, P=0.14) and in males (22.6%, P=0.86). As for Candida albicans, the higher prevalence was found in age groups 21-40 years (19.1%, P=0.03) and in females only (28.9%), and higher prevalence of HBV was found in age groups 41 years & above (9.1%, P=0.78) and in females (5.3%, P=0.61). None of the variables (age and sex) evaluated in this study was statistically associated (P>0.05) with TB, Candida and HBV prevalence. Conclusion: The study has also shown that some opportunistic infections (candidiasis and Tuberculosis) and coinfections with HBV is prevalent among HIV infected individuals and this could largely be due to a compromised immune system as a result of the viral activities in the host cell. There is need therefore to routinely check for OIs and co-infections especially in the case of an immunocompromised individual. It is also imperative to note that the appropriate use of drugs against these OIs may be one of the strategies to extend the life span of AIDS patients. This will help to monitor how the disease progresses and its complications.

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Section: Tuberculosis In Hiv-infected Individualscontrasting

confidence: 93%

Section: Tuberculosis In Hiv-infected Individualssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Tuberculosis In Hiv-infected Individualscontrasting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Prevalence of Some Opportunistic Infections (OIs) and Co-infections among HIV-Infected Persons in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Okonko

Onwusor

Awanye

et al. 2020

SAJRM

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Tuberculosis among people living with HIV/AIDS in Jazan Region, Southwestern Saudi Arabia

Darraj

Yassin

Mubarki

et al. 2021

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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Risk Factors for the Development of Tuberculosis Among HIV-Positive Adults Under Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy at Government Hospitals in Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Tegegne¹,

Minwagaw

2022

IJGM

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Background Tuberculosis is one of the leading infectious diseases for people living with HIV. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting the development of TB among HIV-positive adults under treatment in government hospitals of Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Methods A hospital-based retrospective study design was conducted among 700 HIV-positive adults under HAART in 17 government hospitals in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. Results Age of the patients (AOR = 1.122, 95% CI:1.013, 2.234), baseline CD4 cell count (AOR = 0.888, 95% CI: 0.714, 0.945), patients living without their partner (AOR = 1.212, 95% CI: 1.051, 1.123), females under treatment (AOR = 0.786, 95% CI; 0.564, 0.845), non-opportunistic diseases (AOR = 0.865, 95% CI: 0.731, 0.938), patients not disclosed their HIV status (AOR = 1.241, 95% CI: 1.087, 2.341), rural patients (AOR = 1.135, 95% CI: 1.032, 1.453, patient with no education (AOR = 1.125, 95% CI: 1.056, 1.546), low adherence patients (AOR = 1.225, 95% CI: 1.191, 2.453), bedridden patients (AOR = 1.223, 95% CI: 1.131, 1.521), ambulatory patients (AOR = 1.156, 95% CI:1.091, 1.267), non-smoker patients (AOR = 0.854, 95% CI: 0.686, 0.935) significantly affected on the variable of interest. Similarly, alcohol intake, drug toxicity and baseline clinical WHO stages significantly affected for the development of tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients under treatment. Conclusion In this study, baseline CD4 cell count, female patients, non-opportunistic diseases, and non-smoking status were negatively associated with the development of TB, whereas age of patients, living without partners, patients with no education, patients with low adherence, bedridden and ambulatory patients were positively associated to the development of TB in HIV patients. The findings obtained in this study are important for both service providers and patients. More attention should be given to those positively associated variables to response variables. The regional health bureau should open TB/HIV co-infection subsections like ART sections in each hospital.

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HIV coinfections with tuberculosis among HIV-1 infected individuals in old cross river state, Nigeria

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Prevalence of Some Opportunistic Infections (OIs) and Co-infections among HIV-Infected Persons in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Prevalence of Some Opportunistic Infections (OIs) and Co-infections among HIV-Infected Persons in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Tuberculosis among people living with HIV/AIDS in Jazan Region, Southwestern Saudi Arabia

Risk Factors for the Development of Tuberculosis Among HIV-Positive Adults Under Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy at Government Hospitals in Amhara Region, Ethiopia

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