HIV Diagnosis and Treatment through Advanced Technologies

Zulfiqar, Hafiza Fizzah; Javed, Aneeqa; Sumbal, Sumbal; Afroze, Bakht; Ali, Qurban; Akbar, Khadija; Nadeem, Tariq; Rana, Muhammad Adeel; Nazar, Zaheer Ahmad; Nasir, Idrees Ahmad; Husnain, Tayyab

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2017.00032

Cited by 37 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 124 publications

(184 reference statements)

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“…It is worth highlighting that the majority were young adults, with 76.3% of the patients aged less than 45 years. The knowledge that the HIV/AIDS pandemic affects mostly younger populations in sub-Saharan Africa could explain this finding [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Epidemiological and Clinical Patterns of Kaposi Sarcoma: A 16-Year Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study from Yaoundé, Cameroon

Tounouga

Kouotou²,

Nansseu³

et al. 2018

Dermatology

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Background: The burden of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is increasing fast among HIV-infected populations, but the disease remains desperately underexplored in Cameroon, where the burden of HIV is high. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out over a period of 16 years (January 2001 to December 2016) at the HIV day care unit of the Central Hospital of Yaoundé, Cameroon. The diagnosis was based on clinical aspects and histological confirmation, and we used a preconstructed questionnaire for data collection through patients’ electronic and physical files. Results: Among 14,220 files reviewed, 316 cases of KS were identified, yielding a cumulative incidence of 2.2%. In the end, 266 patients (55% male) were included in this study. The patients’ age ranged from 17 to 72 years, with a mean of 37.8 ± 9.5 years. KS was the presenting manifestation of HIV in 89.8% of the cases. Cutaneous lesions occurred more often (81.6%), mainly located on the lower limbs (47.7%); mucous lesions were found in 15.8% of the patients, while 8 patients (3.0%) had associated visceral lesions. The lesions predominantly were lymphedemas (28.6%) and papulonodules (21.1%). At the diagnosis of KS, the median CD4 count was 175 cells/mm³ (interquartile range 80.5–288.5), and 150 patients (56.6%) had CD4 counts < 200 cells/mm³. Conclusions: KS is frequent among our HIV-infected patients; it seems to occur most often at a younger adult age and represents one of the presenting manifestations of HIV/AIDS in our context. It seems to equally affect men and women, occurring more often when CD4 counts are < 200 cells/mm³.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Epidemiological and Clinical Patterns of Kaposi Sarcoma: A 16-Year Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study from Yaoundé, Cameroon

Tounouga

Kouotou²,

Nansseu³

et al. 2018

Dermatology

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“…On the other hand, the emergence of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to target HIV infection has also opened possibilities for HIV cure strategies (Zulfiqar et al, 2017). Several studies have used CRISPR/Cas9 to target host co-factors such as CCR5 and CXCR4, the viral DNA, as well as cleave the reverse-transcribed viral DNA (Das et al, 2019).…”

Section: Hiv Mice Cure Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons Learned From Failures and Success Stories of HIV Breakthroughs: Are We Getting Closer to an HIV Cure?

Kalidasan

Das

2020

Front. Microbiol.

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There is a continuous search for an HIV cure as the success of ART in blocking HIV replication and the role of CD4 + T cells in HIV pathogenesis and immunity do not entirely eradicate HIV. The Berlin patient, who is virus-free, serves as the best model for a 'sterilizing cure' and many experts are trying to mimic this approach in other patients. Although failures were reported among Boston and Essen patients, the setbacks have provided valuable lessons to strengthen cure strategies. Following the Berlin patient, two more patients known as London and Düsseldorf patients might be the second and third person to be cured of HIV. In all the cases, the patients underwent chemotherapy regimen due to malignancy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) which required matching donors for CCR5 32 mutation-an approach that may not always be feasible. The emergence of newer technologies, such as long-acting slow-effective release ART (LASER ART) and CRISPR/Cas9 could potentially overcome the barriers due to HIV latency and persistency and eliminate the need for CCR5 32 mutation donor. Appreciating the failure and success stories learned from these HIV breakthroughs would provide some insight for future HIV eradication and cure strategies.

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“…Another potential use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system might be the elimination of malaria by gene editing (Gabrieli et al 2014). The putative medical uses of CRISPR/ Cas9 have been reported as well (Harper 2017;Kehler et al 2017;Pope 2017;Wang et al 2017;Zulfiqar et al 2017), including in obesity (Ackermann et al 2017;Bao et al 2015;Lu et al 2017;Xia et al 2016). However, several ethical issues have been raised concerning the potential use of CRISPR/Cas9 in health issues (Mulvihill et al 2017).…”

Section: Crispr/cas9 Gene Editing Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR/Cas9, the Powerful New Genome-Editing Tool for Putative Therapeutics in Obesity

et al. 2018

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The molecular technology known as clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) is revolutionizing the field of medical research and deepening our understanding of numerous biological processes. The attraction of CRISPR/Cas9 lies in its ability to efficiently edit DNA or modulate gene expression in living eukaryotic cells and organisms, a technology that was once considered either too expensive or scientifically risky. CRISPR/Cas9 has been successfully applied in agriculture to develop the next generation of disease-resistant plants. Now, the capability of gene editing has been translated to the biomedical area, focusing on the future of medicine faced with drug-resistant microbes by selectively targeting genes involved in antibiotic resistance, for example, or finding the ultimate strategy for cancer or HIV. In this regard, it was recently demonstrated that an injection of cancer-fighting CRISPR-modified white blood cells in a patient suffering from metastatic lung cancer could lead to promising results. Researchers and bioethicists are debating questions about the regulation of CRISPR/Cas9 that must be addressed. While legal challenges surround the use of this technique for genetically modifying cell lines in humans, we review the basic understanding of CRISPR/Cas9 and discuss how this technology could represent a candidate for treatment of non-communicable diseases in nutrition, such as obesity.

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HIV Diagnosis and Treatment through Advanced Technologies

Cited by 37 publications

References 124 publications

Epidemiological and Clinical Patterns of Kaposi Sarcoma: A 16-Year Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study from Yaoundé, Cameroon

Epidemiological and Clinical Patterns of Kaposi Sarcoma: A 16-Year Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study from Yaoundé, Cameroon

Lessons Learned From Failures and Success Stories of HIV Breakthroughs: Are We Getting Closer to an HIV Cure?

CRISPR/Cas9, the Powerful New Genome-Editing Tool for Putative Therapeutics in Obesity

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