HIV, HBV, and HCV Infections Among Drug-Involved, Inner-City, Street Sex Workers in Miami, Florida

Inciardi, James A.; Surratt, Hilary L.; Kurtz, Steven P.

doi:10.1007/s10461-005-9049-3

Cited by 51 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The factors related to these rates were unsafe sexual practice, homeless condition and drug abuse, among other things. 7 Concerning syphilis, the data found in the present study are comparable to those indicated in the city of Rio de Janeiro, with a prevalence of 5.3% among pregnant women. * Nonetheless, it must be taken into consideration the fact that, in the present study, the treponemic test was carried out only in the VDRL positive cases, underestimating the number of cases referring to serological scars.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Infecção pelo HIV, hepatites B e C e sífilis em moradores de rua, São Paulo

et al. 2007

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OBJECTIVE:To estimate the prevalence of HIV infections, as well as hepatitis B and C and syphilis viruses in homeless people. METHODS:Cross-sectional study with educational intervention, conducted in the city of São Paulo, between 2002 and 2003. A convenience sample of homeless people who used night shelters was selected, according to the following criteria: aged 18 or older and not showing psychiatric disturbances. During interviews, sociodemographic and behavioral data were gathered and HIV, hepatitis B and C and syphilis laboratorial tests and post-test counseling were carried out. RESULTS:A total of 330 shelter users participated, with an average age of 40.2 years, 80.9% of them male, having lived on the streets for one year in average. Prevalences of 1.8% for HIV, 8.5% for hepatitis C virus, 30.6% for previous hepatitis B infection, 3.3% for chronic or acute infection by hepatitis B virus, and 5.7% for syphilis. The consistent use of condoms was referred to by 21.3% of interviewees and the use of injecting drugs by 3% of them. Positivity was 10% for HIV and 50% for hepatitis C virus among injectable drug users, versus 1.5% for HIV and 7.3% for hepatitis C among the others, showing an association between the virus and the use of injecting drugs. Previous imprisonment was referred to by 7.9% of women and 26.6% of men, with a prevalence of 2.6% for HIV and 17.1% for hepatitis C virus. CONCLUSIONS:The high prevalences of HIV and hepatitis B and C viruses require prevention programs based on vaccination against hepatitis B, early diagnosis of these infections and placement of homeless people into health services.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Infecção pelo HIV, hepatites B e C e sífilis em moradores de rua, São Paulo

et al. 2007

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“…Unsafe vaginal sex increases the risk of acquiring HBV. While becoming infected sexually for HCV is less likely than that for HBV [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the HBV and the HCV Infections in Female Sex Workers and their Co-Infection with HIV

Praseeda¹,

Anuradha²,

Jayanthi³

2013

JCDR

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Background: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) have been shown to enhance the transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The Hepatitis B and the Hepatitis C viral infections are highly prevalent among the HIV-infected persons as a result of shared transmission routes. Aim:To determine the seroprevalence of the HIV, Syphilis, HBV and HCV infections and their co-infection rates among Female Sex Workers (FSWs). Settings and Design: 250 blood samples were collected from FSWs from a red light area of Mumbai by using an outreach strategy. Materials and Methods:Their sera were tested for the HIV antibodies as per the strategy II of the NACO guidelines, for syphilis by RPR, for the HCV antibodies and for HBsAg by ELISA.

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“…Studies that discuss specific groups, such as those who attend clinics for sexually transmitted diseases like drug abusers, homosexuals and sex workers, reveal findings that differ from those of the general population, and the risks of sexual transmission of HCV increase considerably 12,15,18,23,25,26,37,51,61,65,68,69,83,85,91 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the majority of studies mention rates of between zero and 3%. These low indexes, associated with rare risk factors, suggest that sexual transmission presents a minimal or negligible risk 18,30,31,44,49,51,54,69,82,83,92 .Studies that discuss specific groups, such as those who attend clinics for sexually transmitted diseases like drug abusers, homosexuals and sex workers, reveal findings that differ from those of the general population, and the risks of sexual transmission of HCV increase considerably 12,15,18,23,25,26,37,51,61,65,68,69,83,85,91 . …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual transmission of hepatitis C

Cavalheiro

2007

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYIt is generally agreed that the hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be efficiently transmitted parenterally, although data on viral transmission by sexual or non-sexual intrafamilial contact are conflicting. Since data collection began in 1989, the first study dealt with the risk of sexual transmission among multiple sex partners. Other investigations followed, emphasizing that risk increases in specific groups such as patients co-infected with HIV and HBV, sex workers, homosexuals, illicit drug users and patients attended at sexually transmittable disease clinics.The question arises as to what might be the risk for monogamous heterosexuals in the general population, in which one of the partners has HCV?The literature provides overall rates that vary from zero to 27%; however, most studies affirm that the chances of sexual transmission are low or almost null, with rates for this mode fluctuating from zero to 3%. Intrafamilial transmission is strongly considered but inconclusive, since when mentioning transmission between sex partners within the same household, specific situations also should be considered, such as the sharing of personal hygiene items, like razorblades, toothbrushes, nail clippers and manicure pliers, which are important risk factors in HCV transmission. In this review, we discuss the hypotheses of sexual and/or intrafamilial transmission.KEYWORDS: Hepatitis C; Transmission; Sexual; Intrafamilial.Patients infected by HCV frequently question whether their infection can be transmitted to their sexual partners, and whether HCV can be transmitted through sexual relations. Common sense suggests that HCV like HBV and HIV can be transmitted through sexual contact, but what is the degree of risk? Does it depend on the population studied? Can risk behavior alter contamination potential 27,34,74 ?Classically, parenteral exposition unites many risk factors that are relevant for HCV transmission, such as the use of illegal drugs, hemodialysis, blood transfusion and blood derivatives, tattoos, organ transplants, acupuncture, sharing of straws for drug inhalation, and accidents in health-care workers 12,26,49,58,71,89 .Convincing evidence for the sexual transmission of HCV requires a history of couples having lived together in sexual activity, the absence of other opportunities for infection, and genetic evidence on the virus, demonstrating that both partners are infected by a virus with very similar genomic sequences. The possession of quality information concerning these questions can aid in providing answers to these issues. However, few studies meet these criteria satisfactorily 22,69,85 . ALTER et al. (1989) 2 presented the first study in which the possibility of HCV transmission was discussed, and considered multiple sex partners as a risk factor. However, the contribution of sexually transmitted HCV remains controversial. In the United States, the Centers for Disease control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that between 20 to 25% of the transmission indexes are associated with sexual contact, although ...

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HIV, HBV, and HCV Infections Among Drug-Involved, Inner-City, Street Sex Workers in Miami, Florida

Cited by 51 publications

References 46 publications

Infecção pelo HIV, hepatites B e C e sífilis em moradores de rua, São Paulo

Infecção pelo HIV, hepatites B e C e sífilis em moradores de rua, São Paulo

A Study on the HBV and the HCV Infections in Female Sex Workers and their Co-Infection with HIV

Sexual transmission of hepatitis C

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