HIV Infection among Illegal Migrants, Italy, 2004–2007

Pezzoli, Maria Chiara; Hamad, Issa El; Scarcella, Carmelo; Vassallo, Francesco; Speziani, Fabrizio; Cristini, G; Scolari, Carla; Suligoi, Barbara; Luzi, Anna Maria; Bernasconi, Daniela; Lichtner, Miriam; Cassarà, Giuseppina; Manca, N.; Carosi, Giampiero; Castelli, Francesco

doi:10.3201/eid1511.090908

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Additionally, the authors do not report on the ethnicity of patients just country of origin. No data on the nationality of MSM or IDUs.Pezzoli et al (2009) [12]HIV-1 detected in 0.97 of participants (95 % CI 0.90–1.2) • Avidity Testing (n = 27) Six (22.2 %) probably acquired in Italy by migrants from: SSA (n = 3), eastern Europe (n = 2), and Latin America (n = 1). All 4 (14.8 %) who acquired infection before migration were migrant SSA.SD: +++ V: +++ G: +++ OS: ++Recruitment was not evenly balanced between centres; the study acceptance rate was 73.6 %.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of post-migration acquisition of HIV among migrants from countries with generalised HIV epidemics living in Europe: mplications for effectively managing HIV prevention programmes and policy

et al. 2015

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BackgroundMigrant populations from countries with generalised HIV epidemics make up a significant proportion of all HIV/AIDS cases in many European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries, with heterosexual transmission the predominant mode of HIV acquisition. While most of these infections are diagnosed for the first time in Europe, acquisition is believed to have predominantly occurred in the home country. A proportion of HIV transmission is believed to be occurring post-migration, and many countries may underestimate the degree to which this is occurring. Our objectives were to review the literature estimating the proportion of migrants believed to have acquired their HIV post-migration and examine which EU member states are able to provide estimates of probable country of HIV acquisition through current surveillance systems.MethodsA systematic review was undertaken to gather evidence of sexual transmission of HIV within Europe among populations from countries with a generalised epidemic. In addition, national surveillance focal points from 30 EU/EEA Member States were asked to complete a questionnaire about surveillance methods and monitoring of the likely place of HIV acquisition among migrants.Results & discussionTwenty-seven papers from seven countries were included in the review and 24 countries responded to the survey. Estimates of HIV acquisition post-migration ranged from as low as 2 % among sub Saharan Africans in Switzerland, to 62 % among black Caribbean men who have sex with men (MSM) in the UK. Surveillance methods for monitoring post-migration acquisition varied across the region; a range of methods are used to estimate country or region of HIV acquisition, including behavioural and clinical markers. There is little published evidence addressing this issue, although Member States highlight the importance of migrant populations in their epidemics.ConclusionsThere is post-migration HIV acquisition among migrants in European countries but this is difficult to quantify accurately with current data. Migrant MSM appear at particular risk of HIV acquisition post-migration. Countries that identify migrants as an important part of their HIV epidemic should focus on using an objective method for assigning probable country of HIV acquisition. Robust methods to measure HIV incidence should be considered in order to inform national prevention programming and resource allocation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of post-migration acquisition of HIV among migrants from countries with generalised HIV epidemics living in Europe: mplications for effectively managing HIV prevention programmes and policy

et al. 2015

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“…Problems related to migrants' access to healthcare services have often been discussed. The most marginalized population groups should constitute a priority target in the development and implementation of preventive and clinical strategies aimed to promote early diagnosis and access to care, and subsequently better outcomes [14,38,39]. HIV-infected migrants continue to be widely oppressed by stigma that, together with cultural and linguistic barriers, contributes to make their management even more challenging [3,40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This suggests that sexually active young migrants are particularly at risk of contracting HIV as well as other sexually transmitted infections. Coming from a high endemic country may also represent a predisposing factor [13], though HIV infection may be acquired once arrived in Italy [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Clinical and epidemiological features of HIV/AIDS infection among migrants at first access to healthcare services as compared to Italian patients in Italy: a retrospective multicentre study, 2000–2010

et al. 2014

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“…Unsubstantiated data suggest that as many as 1.5 million migrants are living in Ghana, particularly in the mining areas. Due to high rates of unprotected sex and drug use behaviours, Ghana's "floating population" of migrant workers are at risk for HIV/STIs and may play a critical role in the spread of HIV and syphilis in Ghana as has been observed in other countries [18]- [22]. As mobility has increased and the economy has grown, anecdotal reports indicate that commercial sex industry has boomed and HIV and syphilis rates have risen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Syphilis Prevalence and Risk Factors among Migrant Workers in Konongo, Ghana

Adjei¹,

Brandful²,

Lurie³

et al. 2014

AID

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Migrant workers, particularly gold mining workers, have been identified as a group at risk for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI). A cross-sectional study was undertaken on the correlates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis infections in a sample of migrants (Ghanaian citizens [156] and non-Ghanaian citizens [8]) working in a gold mining centres in Konongo, Ghana. The study was conducted between the months of January 2013 to December 2013. Of a total of 600 eligible migrant workers, only 164 (27.33%; males 114, females 50) of the eligible migrants took part in the study. Subjects voluntarily completed a risk-factor questionnaire and provided blood specimen for testing for the presence of antibodies to HIV and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis. These data were analyzed using both univariate and multivariate techniques. The median age of the participants was 29.0 years (range 18 -62 years). Of the 164 migrant workers tested, HIV and syphilis seroprevalence were 6.7% and 3.7% respectively. On multivariate analysis, the independent determinants for HIV infection were being female [odds ratio (OR) 2.94; 95% confidence interval (95% CI 0.86 -10.0); unmarried (OR 10.13; 95% CI 1.2 -81.09); drug use (OR 3.76; 95% CI 0.38 -36.3); and blood transfusion (OR 2.45; 95% CI 0.27 -22.37). Similarly, on multivariate analysis, the independent determinants for syphilis infection were having concurrent sexual partners (OR 2.16; 95% CI 0.38 -12.12); and blood transfusion (OR 5.07; 95% CI 0.51 -50.37). Consistent with similar studies worldwide, our results suggest high prevalence of HIV and syphilis infections among migrant workers who work in gold mining centres in Ghana. A. A. Adjei et al. 133

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HIV Infection among Illegal Migrants, Italy, 2004–2007

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

A systematic review of post-migration acquisition of HIV among migrants from countries with generalised HIV epidemics living in Europe: mplications for effectively managing HIV prevention programmes and policy

A systematic review of post-migration acquisition of HIV among migrants from countries with generalised HIV epidemics living in Europe: mplications for effectively managing HIV prevention programmes and policy

Clinical and epidemiological features of HIV/AIDS infection among migrants at first access to healthcare services as compared to Italian patients in Italy: a retrospective multicentre study, 2000–2010

Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Syphilis Prevalence and Risk Factors among Migrant Workers in Konongo, Ghana

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