HIV infection among men who have sex with men in East and South-East Asia - time for action

Lim, Sin How; Chan, Roy

doi:10.1071/sh10124

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although the MSM population was not included in our study, it has been reported that the number of HIV cases among MSM has increased in Okinawa . The HCV transmission network among MSM is international and MSM tourists visit Okinawa from other areas in Japan or overseas .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[40][41][42][43][44] These data Although the MSM population was not included in our study, it has been reported that the number of HIV cases among MSM has increased in Okinawa. 48 The HCV transmission network among MSM is international 45,49,50 and MSM tourists visit Okinawa from other areas in Japan or overseas. 51 These data suggest that HCV-1a strains which control and prevention strategies should be developed from the viewpoint of public health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses of hepatitis C virus subtype 1a in Okinawa, Japan

Hoshino

Sugiyama

Date

et al. 2018

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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Okinawa Island, located in Southern Japan, has a higher prevalence rate of hepatitis C virus subtype 1a (HCV-1a) infection than that in mainland Japan. Okinawa has a history of US military occupation after World War II. To elucidate the transmission history of HCV-1a in Okinawa, 26 whole-genome sequences were obtained from 29 patients during 2011-2016. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed to identify the origin and characteristics of HCV-1a in Okinawa with epidemiological information. A phylogenetic tree based on whole-genome sequencing revealed that all of the samples were located below the US branches. Additionally, we identified one cluster comprised of 17 strains (Okinawa, n = 16; United States, n = 1). The majority of the patients in this cluster were people who inject drugs (PWID), indicating the presence of a people who inject drugs (PWID) cluster. Subsequently, Bayesian analyses were employed to reveal viral population dynamics. Intriguingly, a phylodynamic analysis uncovered a substantial increase in effective population size of HCV-1a from 1965 to 1980 and a slight increase in mid-2000, which were associated with an increase in illicit drug use in Okinawa. The estimated divergence time of the PWID cluster was 1967.6 (1964.2-1971.1). These findings suggest that HCV-1a was introduced into Okinawa from the United States in the late 1960s, coincident with the Vietnam War. Subsequently, HCV-1a might have spread among the Japanese population with the spread of injecting drug use. Our study provides an understanding of HCV transmission dynamics in Okinawa, as well as the key role of PWID in HCV transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses of hepatitis C virus subtype 1a in Okinawa, Japan

Hoshino

Sugiyama

Date

et al. 2018

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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“…5 Indeed, epidemiologic studies from around the world have consistently identifi ed the MSM group as the major contributor of HIV infections. 6,7 This trend very recently surfaced in Singapore as well, with data from the Ministry of Health revealing that the majority of new HIV infections in the past year was the result of homosexual and bisexual sexual activities, surpassing that of the heterosexuals' for the fi rst time. 8 MSM were also identifi ed by as more than 44 times as likely to be diagnosed with HIV compared to other men.…”

Section: Hiv Prevention For the Men Who Have Sex With Men (Msm) Popul...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Questioning (LGBTQ)-focused Psychosocial Approaches as Part of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Prevention Efforts in Singapore

Choong¹,

Suthendran²,

Chio

2012

Ann Acad Med Singap

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“…Whilst much has been achieved to slow the spread of HIV infection in the last 30 years, particularly among sex workers, their clients and among MSM, the recent increase in infections among MSM in Singapore and the region has rung alarm bells. 37,38 Several factors are thought to be contributing to this increase viz changing sexual mores, low condom use rates arising from safer sex fatigue and treatment optimism, HIV-related stigma, low levels of testing, low levels of disclosure, and late diagnosis. Other areas of concern are the use of recreational drugs and sex, use of the Internet for sexual liaisons, sex-on-premises venues, and the changing sex trade landscape.…”

Section: Singapore-are We Ready For the Change?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomedical Strategies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Prevention? A New Paradigm

Chan

2012

Ann Acad Med Singap

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Introduction: This article presents recent developments in biomedical interventions for prevention of sexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Materials and Methods: A review of results from randomised clinical trials on the use of antiretroviral (ARV) medications and other biomedical methods to prevent the transmission and acquisition of HIV infection. Results: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) refers to the provision of ARV medications to uninfected persons at high risk of HIV infection either in the form of topical agents, e.g. vaginal microbicide gels, or orally administered tablets. The Caprissa study demonstrated the efficacy of vaginal microbicides, the Vaginal and Oral Interventions to Control the Epidemic (VOICE) study however was not able to confirm these results. Oral PrEP was found to be efficacious in the iPrEx study on men who have sex with men (MSM), and among heterosexual couples in the Partners-PrEP and the TDF2 studies in Africa. The HPTN 052 trial demonstrated that the provision of early ARV treatment was able to prevent transmission of HIV by 92% compared with delayed treatment. This has led to enthusiasm to roll out treatment as prevention (TasP) programmes. Encouraging results from studies on male circumcision to prevent HIV acquisition have resulted in several implementation projects in Africa. Another encouraging result has been the success, albeit modest, of the prime-boost combination RV144 vaccine trial in Thailand. Conclusion: New advances in prevention strategies are urgently needed to slow down the HIV pandemic. Recent developments particularly in the form of PrEP and TasP have given new hope that we will be able to achieve this goal. Key words: Biomedical, HIV infection, Prevention

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HIV infection among men who have sex with men in East and South-East Asia - time for action

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses of hepatitis C virus subtype 1a in Okinawa, Japan

Phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses of hepatitis C virus subtype 1a in Okinawa, Japan

The Role of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Questioning (LGBTQ)-focused Psychosocial Approaches as Part of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Prevention Efforts in Singapore

Biomedical Strategies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Prevention? A New Paradigm

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