HIV infection and drug use: influence on cognitive function

Grassi, Maria Pia; Clerici, Francesca; Perin, C; Zocchetti, Carlo; Borella, M; Cargnel, Antonietta; Mangoni, Alfonso

doi:10.1097/00002030-199509020-00008

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, results are mixed whether comorbid substance abuse exacerbates cognitive deficits in HIVpositive adults. For example, Grassi et al (1995) reported increased cognitive decline in HIV-positive substance abusers, but others have not (Concha et al 1992;Stern 1994). With alcohol abuse, because each condition (HIV infection and alcoholism) is known to affect brain function, metabolism, and structure, a recent magnetic resonance spectroscopy study found significant deficits or decreases in two metabolites (N-acetylaspartate and creatine) in the superior parietal-occipital cortex in HIV-positive adults with alcoholism compared to either diagnosis alone (Pfefferbaum et al 2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuropsychology of HIV/AIDS in Older Adults

Hardy

Vance

2009

Neuropsychol Rev

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Highly active antiretroviral therapy is allowing increasing numbers of adults to age with HIV. The neuropsychological effects of aging with HIV are reviewed through three types of studies. First, the separate effects of HIV and aging on cognition are examined in studies that compare younger adults with HIV with neurologically normal older adults. Second, studies examine the impact of aging within samples of adults with HIV only. Third, providing the most critical evidence, are studies that assess cognition in younger and older adults with HIV relative to younger and older adults without HIV. In general research findings are inconclusive. Large individual differences among older adults with HIV as well as co-factors (APOE4 and detectable viral load) may account for inconsistent findings in the literature. A subgroup of older adults with HIV may be at greater risk for cognitive impairment, especially in attention functioning.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuropsychology of HIV/AIDS in Older Adults

Hardy

Vance

2009

Neuropsychol Rev

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“…Among persons with HIV, progression of the disease (prior to AIDS) did not determine a decrease in intellectual performance. Instead, cognitive function was affected by the chronic and current use of illicit substances, with the subsequent decline in cognitive function among the HIV-seropositive group being attributed to a chronic use of illicit substances rather than HIV infection [81] . A study of 42 African American women with a history of drug use examined neuropsychological functioning among four sub-groups based on HIV status (seronegative, asymptomatic seropositive, symptomatic seropositive, full-blown AIDS).…”

Section: Injecting Drug Usementioning

confidence: 96%

Neuropsychological Complications of HIV Disease and Substances of Abuse

Norman¹,

Kumar²

2006

American J. of Infectious Diseases

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“…A number of studies indicate that drug abuse may exacerbate both the neuropathogenesis of HIV and the neurocognitive impact of infection in both cART-naïve and cART-treated individuals (Chana et al, 2006; Langford et al, 2003b; Meade et al, 2011a; Meyer et al, 2014; Nath, 2010; Starace et al, 1998). However, other studies show that drug-abuse does not increase the neurological deficits induced by HIV+ infection (Basso and Bornstein, 2003; Byrd et al, 2011b; Grassi et al, 1995); hence, the precise impact of drug abuse on HIV neuropathogenesis remains unclear.…”

Section: Hiv Neuropathogenesismentioning

confidence: 97%

HIV, Tat and dopamine transmission

Gaskill

Miller

Gamble-George

et al. 2017

Neurobiology of Disease

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a progressive infection that targets the immune system, affecting more than 37 million people around the world. While combinatorial antiretroviral therapy (cART) has lowered mortality rates and improved quality of life in infected individuals, the prevalence of HIV associated neurocognitive disorders is increasing and HIV associated cognitive decline remains prevalent. Recent research has suggested that HIV accessory proteins may be involved in this decline, and several studies have indicated that the HIV protein transactivator of transcription (Tat) can disrupt normal neuronal and glial function. Specifically, data indicate that Tat may directly impact dopaminergic neurotransmission, by modulating the function of the dopamine transporter and specifically damaging dopamine-rich regions of the CNS. HIV infection of the CNS has long been associated with dopaminergic dysfunction, but the mechanisms remain undefined. The specific effect(s) of Tat on dopaminergic neurotransmission may be, at least partially, a mechanism by which HIV infection directly or indirectly induces dopaminergic dysfunction. Therefore, precisely defining the specific effects of Tat on the dopaminergic system will help to elucidate the mechanisms by which HIV infection of the CNS induces neuropsychiatric, neurocognitive and neurological disorders that involve dopaminergic neurotransmission. Further, this will provide a discussion of the experiments needed to further these investigations, and may help to identify or develop new therapeutic approaches for the prevention or treatment of these disorders in HIV-infected individuals.

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HIV infection and drug use: influence on cognitive function

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

The Neuropsychology of HIV/AIDS in Older Adults

The Neuropsychology of HIV/AIDS in Older Adults

Neuropsychological Complications of HIV Disease and Substances of Abuse

HIV, Tat and dopamine transmission

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