HIV infection and drug use: influence on cognitive function

Grassi, Maria Pia; Clerici, Francesca; Perin, C; Zocchetti, Carlo; Borella, M; Cargnel, Antonietta; Mangoni, A

doi:10.1097/00002030-199502000-00008

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, substance use such as alcohol abuse has been associated with suicidal behavior (Brady, 2006). This point about substance use is particularly important given the history of drug use in some PLWH (Grassi et al, 1995).…”

Section: Neurological Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model of Suicidal Ideation in Adults Aging With HIV

Vance¹,

Moneyham²,

Fordham³

et al. 2008

Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care

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Continuing advances in antiretroviral therapy are increasing survival and longevity for people living with HIV. However, factors related to depression and suicidal ideation associated with aging and HIV may mean that the synergistic effects of aging with HIV could place many adults at undue risk for these conditions. Such factors include ageism and stigma, loneliness/decreased social support, neurological changes, declining health, fatigue, changes in appearance, and financial distress. Potential interventions that address these factors are needed to abate depression and prevent suicidal ideation. Nurses are in key positions to identify and intervene with HIV-infected and aging patients who may be at risk for depression and suicidal ideation.

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Section: Neurological Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model of Suicidal Ideation in Adults Aging With HIV

Vance¹,

Moneyham²,

Fordham³

et al. 2008

Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care

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“…Several researchers have utilized drug abusing cohorts (usually injection drug users) to study the cognitive effects of HIV infection, although only a few of these studies have specifically examined the cognitive effects of the combination of HIV infection and drug abuse (Durvasula et al, 2000;Grassi et al, 1993Grassi et al, , 1995. Additionally, previous studies investigating the cognitive effects of the concurrent combination of these factors typically have included polydrug users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methamphetamine dependence increases risk of neuropsychological impairment in HIV infected persons

Rippeth

Heaton

Carey

et al. 2004

J. Inter. Neuropsych. Soc.

390

336

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Both HIV infection and methamphetamine dependence can be associated with brain dysfunction. Little is known, however, about the cognitive effects of concurrent HIV infection and methamphetamine dependence. The present study included 200 participants in 4 groups: HIV infected/methamphetamine dependent (HIV+/METH+), HIV negative/methamphetamine dependent (HIV-/METH+), HIV infected/methamphetamine nondependent (HIV+/METH-), and HIV negative/methamphetamine nondependent (HIV-/METH-). Study groups were comparable for age, education, and ethnicity, although the HIV-/METH- group had significantly more females. A comprehensive, demographically corrected neuropsychological battery was administered yielding a global performance score and scores for seven neurobehavioral domains. Rates of neuropsychological impairment were determined by cutoff scores derived from performances of a separate control group and validated with larger samples of HIV+ and HIV- participants from an independent cohort. Rates of global neuropsychological impairment were higher in the HIV+/METH+ (58%), HIV-/METH+ (40%) and HIV+/METH- (38%) groups compared to the HIV-/METH- (18%) group. Nonparametric analyses revealed a significant monotonic trend for global cognitive status across groups, with least impairment in the control group and highest prevalence of impairment in the group with concurrent HIV infection and methamphetamine dependence. The results indicate that HIV infection and methamphetamine dependence are each associated with neuropsychological deficits, and suggest that these factors in combination are associated with additive deleterious cognitive effects. This additivity may reflect common pathways to neural injury involving both cytotoxic and apoptotic mechanisms.

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“…Numerous comorbidities like chronic substance abuse, often independent of the direct consequences of HIV, lead to HIV transmission, responsiveness and cognitive difficulties [ 22 ]. HCV also aggravates HIV-associated neurocognitive damage following similar mechanisms [ 193 , 194 ].…”

Section: Risk Factors and Pathophysiological Mechanisms Of Ad Inducedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher expression of pTau in HIV individuals is also correlated with ARV treatment [ 20 ]. Many comorbid conditions like chronic substance abuse independent of the direct consequences of HIV also lead to HIV transmission, responsiveness and cognitive difficulties [ 22 ]. It is apparent that the linkage and causative mechanisms between neuroinflammation, HIV-CNS neuroinfections, HAND and AD are still not completely understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alzheimer's disease-like perturbations in HIV-mediated neuronal dysfunctions: understanding mechanisms and developing therapeutic strategies

et al. 2020

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Excessive exposure to toxic substances or chemicals in the environment and various pathogens, including viruses and bacteria, is associated with the onset of numerous brain abnormalities. Among them, pathogens, specifically viruses, elicit persistent inflammation that plays a major role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as dementia. AD is the most common brain disorder that affects thought, speech, memory and ability to execute daily routines. It is also manifested by progressive synaptic impairment and neurodegeneration, which eventually leads to dementia following the accumulation of Aβ and hyperphosphorylated Tau. Numerous factors contribute to the pathogenesis of AD, including neuroinflammation associated with pathogens, and specifically viruses. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is often linked with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) following permeation through the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and induction of persistent neuroinflammation. Further, HIV infections also exhibited the ability to modulate numerous AD-associated factors such as BBB regulators, members of stress-related pathways as well as the amyloid and Tau pathways that lead to the formation of amyloid plaques or neurofibrillary tangles accumulation. Studies regarding the role of HIV in HAND and AD are still in infancy, and potential link or mechanism between both is not yet established. Thus, in the present article, we attempt to discuss various molecular mechanisms that contribute to the basic understanding of the role of HIV-associated neuroinflammation in AD and HAND. Further, using numerous growth factors and drugs, we also present possible therapeutic strategies to curb the neuroinflammatory changes and its associated sequels.

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HIV infection and drug use: influence on cognitive function

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

A Model of Suicidal Ideation in Adults Aging With HIV

A Model of Suicidal Ideation in Adults Aging With HIV

Methamphetamine dependence increases risk of neuropsychological impairment in HIV infected persons

Alzheimer's disease-like perturbations in HIV-mediated neuronal dysfunctions: understanding mechanisms and developing therapeutic strategies

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