HIV infection and stroke in the Young in Abuja, Nigeria: a case series

Onyegbutulem, H C; Dogo, D; Mai, Aminu; Obidike, Theresa Chioma; Ogbu-Eze, Sandra Chinazo; Shehu, Amina I.; Chidiebere, Ene Ebele; Ezeude, Charles

doi:10.11604/pamj.2022.41.132.31270

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…140 Genetic factors and differing disease profiles, including HIV and tuberculosis, are potential contributors to the early onset of stroke in SSA. [141][142][143] Additionally, The Southern African Stroke Prevention Initiative reports a stark awareness gap about the increased risk of stroke for people with hypertension. 144 Moreover, little is known about the relationship between HDP and stroke in SSA, necessitating further research.…”

Section: Current Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension Related Co-Morbidities and Complications in Women of Sub-Saharan Africa: A Brief Review

Hahka,

Slotkowski,

Akbar

et al. 2024

Circulation Research

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Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease in women, and sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries have some of the highest rates of hypertension in the world. Expanding knowledge of causes, management, and awareness of hypertension and its co-morbidities worldwide is an effective strategy to mitigate its harms, decrease morbidities and mortality, and improve individual quality of life. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) are a particularly important subset of hypertension, as pregnancy is a major stress test of the cardiovascular system and can be the first instance in which cardiovascular disease is clinically apparent. In SSA, women experience a higher incidence of HDP compared with other African regions. However, the region has yet to adopt treatment and preventative strategies for HDP. This delay stems from insufficient awareness, lack of clinical screening for hypertension, and lack of prevention programs. In this brief literature review, we will address the long-term consequences of hypertension and HDP in women. We evaluate the effects of uncontrolled hypertension in SSA by including research on heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, peripheral arterial disease, and HDP. Limitations exist in the number of studies from SSA; therefore, we will use data from countries across the globe, comparing and contrasting approaches in similar and dissimilar populations. Our review highlights an urgent need to prioritize public health, clinical, and bench research to discover cost-effective preventative and treatment strategies that will improve the lives of women living with hypertension in SSA.

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Section: Current Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension Related Co-Morbidities and Complications in Women of Sub-Saharan Africa: A Brief Review

Hahka,

Slotkowski,

Akbar

et al. 2024

Circulation Research

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“…3 Noninfectious comorbidities have been recognized as one of the primary causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide in HIV-infected populations, with cerebrovascular disease being the leading cause of death [4][5][6][7] There has been a rising concern that emerged in recent years in which younger people with HIV are having more strokes, emphasizing the role of some factors contributing to its pathogenesis. 8,9 With regard to noninfectious comorbidities that have constituted an important source of morbidity and mortality in HIV+ populations. 10,11 Multiple factors, including hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and dyslipidemia, in interplay with traditional risk factors, determine the risk of stroke and shape the disease course in people living with HIV infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Stroke Among HIV Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Global Studies and Associated Comorbidities

Moawad,

Mohamed Shalaby,

Hamouda

et al. 2024

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Background: Despite advancements in the management of HIV infection, the factors contributing to stroke development among HIV-positive individuals remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to identify and evaluate the relative risk factors associated with stroke susceptibility in the HIV population. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify studies investigating the risk of stroke development in HIV patients and assessing the role of different risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, sex, and race. The quality assessment of case–control studies was conducted using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, whereas cohort studies were assessed using the National Institute of Health tool. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model to determine pooled hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 18 observational studies involving 116,184 HIV-positive and 3,184,245 HIV-negative patients were included. HIV-positive patients exhibited a significantly higher risk of stroke compared with HIV-negative patients [OR (95% CI): 1.31 (1.20 to 1.44)]. Subgroup analyses revealed increased risks for both ischemic stroke [OR (95% CI): 1.32 (1.19 to 1.46)] and hemorrhagic stroke [OR (95% CI): 1.31 (1.09 to 1.56)]. Pooled adjusted HRs showed a significant association between stroke and HIV positivity (HR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.54). Among HIV-positive patients with stroke, hypertension [OR (95% CI): 3.5 (1.42 to 8.65)], diabetes [OR (95% CI): 5 (2.12 to 11.95)], hyperlipidemia, smoking, male gender, and black race were associated with an increased risk. Discussion: Our study revealed a significant increased risk of stroke development among people with HIV. A multitude of factors, encompassing sociodemographic characteristics, racial background, underlying health conditions, and personal behaviors, significantly elevate the risk of stroke in individuals living with HIV. The use of observational studies introduces inherent limitations, and further investigations are necessary to explore the underlying mechanisms of stroke in people with HIV for potential treatment strategies. Conclusion: HIV patients face a higher risk of stroke development, either ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, male gender, and black race were identified as significant risk factors. Early identification and management of these risk factors are crucial in reducing stroke incidence among patients living with HIV.

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A Metanalysis of Burden of Stroke for HIV population in Africa: Current and Future perspectives

Zulu,

Webster,

Sandra

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Objective Information on the current burden of stroke for HIV population in Africa is limited. The aim of this review was to comprehensively examine the current and future burden of stroke for HIV population in Africa. Methods: We systematically reviewed the available literature (PubMed) from January 1960 to September 2022 on stroke for HIV population in Africa. Percentage change in age-adjusted stroke incidence among HIV population in Africa was obtained from peer reviewed articles and entered in a data capturing tool called systematic literature HIV and Stroke review summary table. Results: Studies revealed that the prevalence of stroke among HIV population in Africa varies from country to country with the lowest being 2.3% and the highest 18%. Conclusion While the available study data and evidence are limited, the burden of stroke for HIV population in Africa appears to be increasing and more significantly among the young population of average age 46 years.

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HIV infection and stroke in the Young in Abuja, Nigeria: a case series

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Hypertension Related Co-Morbidities and Complications in Women of Sub-Saharan Africa: A Brief Review

Hypertension Related Co-Morbidities and Complications in Women of Sub-Saharan Africa: A Brief Review

Risk of Stroke Among HIV Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Global Studies and Associated Comorbidities

A Metanalysis of Burden of Stroke for HIV population in Africa: Current and Future perspectives

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