HIV Infection Risk Factors Among Male-to-Female Transgender Persons: A Review of the Literature

Santis, Joseph P. De

doi:10.1016/j.jana.2009.06.005

Cited by 148 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Such stigmatizing attitudes by medical practitioners further reduced MSM's willingness to access services, hence promoting the spread of HIV infection among them. Other studies in Indonesia and elsewhere have identified judgemental behaviours to preclude transgender population and motorcycle taxi drivers (tukang ojek) from accessing HIV/AIDS-related information, predisposing them to continuous engagement in HIV risky sexual behaviours (De-Santis, 2009;Fauk & Mwanri, 2014a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Determinants of Unprotected Sexual Behaviours Favouring HIV Transmission among Men who Have Sex with Men in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Fauk¹,

Crutzen

Merry³

et al. 2017

GJHS

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A qualitative inquiry using individual interviews explored determinants of unprotected sexual behaviours favouring HIV transmission among Men who Have sex with Men (MSM) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The study was conducted in July 2015 with 24 MSM participants recruited using convenience sampling technique. Data were analysed using a qualitative data analysis framework, with the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) employed as the study conceptual framework. Findings were grouped into a reciprocal triadic relationship involving behavioural, personal (cognitive) and environmental determinants. Behavioural determinants comprised having multiple casual sex partners, engagement in group sex and transactional sex practices. Environmental factors associated with unprotected sexual behaviours included influence of unsafe sex from regular partners and lack of access to HIV-related services. Personal (cognitive) determinants favouring unprotected sexual behaviours identified were lack of knowledge of condom and HIV/AIDS, individuals' expectation of pleasurable sexual intercourse, and low self-efficacy to discuss condom use and HIV status with casual sex partners. As effort to address HIV in MSM in Indonesia is still at its infancy, the findings of the current study are insightful and will inform the development of evidence-based programs in addressing HIV/AIDS problem in MSM populations in Yogyakarta and other similar settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Determinants of Unprotected Sexual Behaviours Favouring HIV Transmission among Men who Have Sex with Men in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Fauk¹,

Crutzen

Merry³

et al. 2017

GJHS

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“…5,6 Condomless anal intercourse, sex with multiple partners, illicit drug use, and involvement in commercial sex work (CSW) are demonstrated behavioral risk factors for HIV among transgender women of color (TWOC). 4,[7][8][9] Some suggest that these behaviors are determined by the co-occurrence of poor mental health and substance use linked to social inequality, 8,[10][11][12] also referred to as a syndemic, 13 among TWOC. Thus, there has been a call for interventions focusing on contextual, including social and structural, determinants of the HIV-related syndemic for TWOC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Documentation Status as a Contextual Determinant of HIV Risk Among Young Transgender Latinas

et al. 2016

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the contextual factors that determine or mitigate vulnerability to HIV among Latina transgender women. Documentation status (legal authorization to live in the United States) has been cited by other studies as a barrier to recruitment or engagement in HIV-related care among immigrant Latinos, but not explored as a determinant of HIV risk for transgender immigrant Latinas. Methods: We collaborated with a community-based organization to explore these contextual, including social and structural, factors. In-depth interviews in Spanish captured life histories of eight 18-to 29-year-old transgender Latinas, who collectively self-identify as chicas trans. Codes were assigned deductively from the interview guide, and emerging themes were identified throughout data collection. Results: Most participants migrated to the United States from Central America after experiencing discrimination and violence in their countries of origin. Participants emphasized documentation status as a critical factor in three areas related to social and structural determinants of HIV risk: gender identity expression, access to services, and relationship power dynamics. Chicas trans who gained legal asylum reported greater control over sexual relationships, improved access to services, and less risky employment. Conclusions: Documentation status emerged as a key HIV risk factor for this population. For undocumented transgender Latinas, legal asylum appears to be a promising HIV-related protective factor. Further research could assess whether legal assistance combined with wraparound support services affects HIV prevention for this population.

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“…Research focusing on HIV risk among transgender people worldwide has shown that these populations often have high HIV prevalence rates, and increased risk of HIV transmission (De Santis 2009;Nuttbrock, Hwahng, Bockting, Rosenblum, Mason, Macri, et al 2009;Silva-Santisteban, Raymond, Salazar, Villayzan, Leon, McFarland, et al 2011). This research has mainly focused on transgender women, but Stephens, Bernstein and Philip (2010), in a study in San Francisco, USA, found no difference in rates of sexually transmitted infections and HIV between transgender men and transgender women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transgender in Africa: Invisible, inaccessible, or ignored?

Jobson¹,

Theron

Kaggwa

et al. 2012

SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS

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Transgender people are an important key population for HIV risk globally, and several studies have found HIV prevalence rates in transgender populations that are significantly higher than those among other key populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM). There is a lack of research on transgender populations in Africa, and at present, there is almost no data available on HIV prevalence and risk among transgender people on the continent. It is possible that the invisibility of transgender people in epidemiological data from Africa is related to the criminalisation of same-sex behaviour in many countries and the subsequent fear of negative repercussions from participation in research. Alternatively, transgender people may be being overlooked in research due to confusion among researchers about how to ask questions about gender identity. It is also possible that transgender populations have simply been ignored in research to date. Without research on transgender-specific HIV prevalence and risk, it is very difficult to know what interventions and services are needed for this risk population. Therefore, it is important that researchers, governments, Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and donor organisations begin to pay explicit attention to transgender people in their HIV-related research and programmes in Africa. Keywords: transgender, Africa, HIV/AIDS RésuméLes personnes transsexuelles son tune population clé importante pour le risque au VIH à l'échelle mondiale, et plusieurs études ont montré que les taux de prévalence du VIH au sein des populations transsexuelles étaient significativement plus élevés que ceux parmi les autres populations clés comme les hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec les hommes (HSH). Il y a une carence dans le domaine de recherche sur les populations transsexuelles en Afrique, et présentement il n'y a presque pas de données disponibles sur la prévalence et le risque relatifs au VIH au sein de la population transsexuelle sur le continent. Il est possible que l'invisibilité de la population transsexuelle dans les données épidémiologiques provenant de l'Afrique soit liée à la criminalisation répandue des comportements homosexuels dans beaucoup de pays et la peur des répercussions négatives consécutives à la participation aux activités liées aux pratiques homosexuels. Alternativement, la population transsexuelle pourrait être en train d'être négligée dans la recherche en raison de la confusion parmi les chercheurs sur la manière de poser les questions sur l'identité sexuelle. Il est aussi possible que les populations transsexuelles aient simplement été ignorées dans les recherches jusqu'à présent. Sans la recherche sur le risque et la prévalence spécifique chez les transsexuels, il est très difficile de connaître quelles interventions et quels services sont nécessaires pour cette population à risque. Il est donc important que les chercheurs, les gouvernements, les ONGs et les organisations donatrices commencent à prêter une attention particulière à la population transsexu...

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HIV Infection Risk Factors Among Male-to-Female Transgender Persons: A Review of the Literature

Cited by 148 publications

References 25 publications

Exploring Determinants of Unprotected Sexual Behaviours Favouring HIV Transmission among Men who Have Sex with Men in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Exploring Determinants of Unprotected Sexual Behaviours Favouring HIV Transmission among Men who Have Sex with Men in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Documentation Status as a Contextual Determinant of HIV Risk Among Young Transgender Latinas

Transgender in Africa: Invisible, inaccessible, or ignored?

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