HIV Non-B Subtype Distribution: Emerging Trends and Risk Factors for Imported and Local Infections Newly Diagnosed in South Australia

Hawke, Karen; Waddell, Russell; Gordon, David L.; Ratcliff, Rodney Μ.; Ward, Paul; Kaldor, John

doi:10.1089/aid.2012.0082

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(64 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Brazil, the Caribbean, and Thailand) could likely be responsible for the entry of an array of group M subtypes into formerly subtype B-restricted geographic areas and, consequently, contributing for the changing profile of the local HIV epidemiology in host countries (Rice et al, 2012). As similarly reported in other studies in Italy (Lai et al, 2010) and elsewhere (Hawke et al, 2012;von Wyl et al, 2011), in the present paper, the totality of non-B infections among immigrant subjects correlate to heterosexual transmission, while non-B infections in homosexual individuals were exclusively found in Italian-born patients. Of note, native Italians who were infected with HIV-1 non-B strains mainly harboured URFs while known CRFs/subtypes were found only in a minority group of subjects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Dynamics and molecular evolution of HIV-1 strains in Sicily among antiretroviral naïve patients

Tramuto

Maida

Bonura

et al. 2013

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. CRF02_AG was the prevalent non-B clade (n = 28/48, 58.3%), while subtype C-related strains were responsible for about 30% HIV-1 infections. In most cases authorsNon-B viruses strictly associated with heterosexual transmission (85.4%) and were mostly found among immigrants (77.1%). Phylogenetic analysis of non-B sequences found in foreign-born subjects was geographically correlated to the respective country of origin. Moreover, the detection of non-B viral variants in the autochthonous population may support an increasing genetic diversity in Sicily as well as a local circulation of HIV strains also uncommon in our country.In Sicily, HIV-1 epidemic is still mostly attributable to the B subtype. Nevertheless, migration and population movements are progressively introducing novel HIV-1 subtypes causing a continuous increase of HIV-1 molecular dynamic at local level. Molecular surveillance is needed to monitor the genetic evolution of HIV-1 epidemic.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Dynamics and molecular evolution of HIV-1 strains in Sicily among antiretroviral naïve patients

Tramuto

Maida

Bonura

et al. 2013

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…HIV‐1 subtype B has been the predominant subtype circulating in Australia, particularly among MSM. Although there are no national data on HIV subtypes according to risk group, between 2000–2010 in South Australia, 95% of MSM had HIV subtype B; in Victoria, 15% of men had non‐B subtypes 9–11 . Non‐B subtypes such as CRF01=AE have generally been associated with HIV acquisition from sexual partners in Asia or specific networks within Australia 10 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 16% of non‐B subtypes found in Australian men may ostensibly reflect HIV transmission between Australian and Asian men. It is not known whether Asian men who acquired their HIV in Australia acquired their infection from Australian men or other recently arrived Asian men, although limited phylogenetic analyses in Victoria support transmission networks of non‐B subtypes within Australia 10 . Further phylogenetic studies could help clarify the extent to which new HIV infections in Australia are acquired locally or from overseas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of recently arrived Asian men who have sex with men diagnosed with HIV through sexual health services in Melbourne and Sydney

Blackshaw

Chow

Varma

et al. 2019

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: Asian men who have sex with men (MSM) who have recently arrived in Australia are an emergent risk group for HIV; however, little is known about how they compare to Australian MSM diagnosed with HIV. This study compared the characteristics of these two groups. Methods: A retrospective, cross‐sectional study of MSM diagnosed with HIV between January 2014 and October 2017 in Melbourne and Sydney public sexual health clinics. Asian MSM were those who had arrived in Australia within 4 years of diagnosis. Results: Among 111 Asian men, 75% spoke a language other than English, 88% did not have Medicare and 61% were international students. Compared with Australian men (n=209), Asian men reported fewer male sexual partners within 12 months (median 4 versus 10, p<0.001), were less likely to have tested for HIV previously (71% versus 89%, p<0.001) and had a lower median CD4 count (326 versus 520, p<0.001). Among Asian men, HIV subtype CRF01‐AE was more common (55% versus 16%, p<0.001) and subtype B less common (29% versus 73%, p<0.001). Conclusions: Asian MSM diagnosed with HIV reported lower risk and had more advanced HIV. Implications for public health: HIV testing and preventative interventions supporting international students are required.

show abstract

“…A contiguous pol sequence was generated spanning the protease (PR, amino acid positions 1–99 in HXB2) and reverse transcriptase region (RT, amino acid positions 20–240 in HXB2) sequences were amplified using in-house techniques (Western Australia [31], South Australia [32], Victoria [33], and western Sydney) or commercially available methods (Queensland; Viroseq HIV-1 Genotyping System, Abbott Celera). The HIV-1 subtype determinations were assigned by each state by submitting the fasta files to the calibrated population resistance tool (HIV db program) linked to the Stanford HIV database (http://hivdb.stanford.edu/) with the exception of Victoria who confirmed subtypes by submitting sequences to the Los Alamos database (http://www.hiv.lanl.gov) and the NCBI HIV genotyping tool (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/genotyping/).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A national study of the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Australia 2005–2012

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionRates of new HIV-1 diagnoses are increasing in Australia, with evidence of an increasing proportion of non-B HIV-1 subtypes reflecting a growing impact of migration and travel. The present study aims to define HIV-1 subtype diversity patterns and investigate possible HIV-1 transmission networks within Australia.MethodsThe Australian Molecular Epidemiology Network (AMEN) HIV collaborating sites in Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, Queensland and western Sydney (New South Wales), provided baseline HIV-1 partial pol sequence, age and gender information for 4,873 patients who had genotypes performed during 2005–2012. HIV-1 phylogenetic analyses utilised MEGA V6, with a stringent classification of transmission pairs or clusters (bootstrap ≥98%, genetic distance ≤1.5% from at least one other sequence in the cluster).ResultsHIV-1 subtype B represented 74.5% of the 4,873 sequences (WA 59%, SA 68.4%, w-Syd 73.8%, Vic 75.6%, Qld 82.1%), with similar proportion of transmission pairs and clusters found in the B and non-B cohorts (23% vs 24.5% of sequences, p = 0.3). Significantly more subtype B clusters were comprised of ≥3 sequences compared with non-B clusters (45.0% vs 24.0%, p = 0.021) and significantly more subtype B pairs and clusters were male-only (88% compared to 53% CRF01_AE and 17% subtype C clusters). Factors associated with being in a cluster of any size included; being sequenced in a more recent time period (p<0.001), being younger (p<0.001), being male (p = 0.023) and having a B subtype (p = 0.02). Being in a larger cluster (>3) was associated with being sequenced in a more recent time period (p = 0.05) and being male (p = 0.008).ConclusionThis nationwide HIV-1 study of 4,873 patient sequences highlights the increased diversity of HIV-1 subtypes within the Australian epidemic, as well as differences in transmission networks associated with these HIV-1 subtypes. These findings provide epidemiological insights not readily available using standard surveillance methods and can inform the development of effective public health strategies in the current paradigm of HIV prevention in Australia.

show abstract

HIV Non-B Subtype Distribution: Emerging Trends and Risk Factors for Imported and Local Infections Newly Diagnosed in South Australia

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

Dynamics and molecular evolution of HIV-1 strains in Sicily among antiretroviral naïve patients

Dynamics and molecular evolution of HIV-1 strains in Sicily among antiretroviral naïve patients

Characteristics of recently arrived Asian men who have sex with men diagnosed with HIV through sexual health services in Melbourne and Sydney

A national study of the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Australia 2005–2012

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About