HIV P24 antigen among HIV antibody seronegative blood donors in Osogbo Osun State, South Western Nigeria

Olowe, Olugbenga Adekunle; Mabayoje, V. O.; Akanbi, Olusola Anuoluwapo; Adefioye, Olusolabomi J.; Olowe, R A; Fadeni, Emmanuel Kehinde; Oluremi, Adeolu Sunday; Opaleye, Oluyinka Oladele

doi:10.1080/20477724.2016.1205311

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Voluntary blood donors may fuel the spread of the virus, as there is still a high prevalence of unscreened or improperly screened HIV-infected blood in Nigeria and other developing countries. 21,22 Despite concerted efforts in the country to control HIV infection, an appreciable number of persons do not know their status and there are very limited data on circulating HIV-1 subtypes among febrile persons and voluntary blood donors. Although opportunities for HIV-1 testing have improved in the country, most testing centers use HIV-1 rapid antibody devices for diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New infections and HIV‐1 subtypes among febrile persons and blood donors in Oyo State, Nigeria

Olusola

Olaleye

Odaibo

2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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Purpose There were approximately 37.9 million persons infected with HIV in 2018 globally, resulting in 770,000 deaths annually. Over 50% of this infection and deaths occur in sub‐Saharan Africa, with countries like Nigeria being seriously affected. Nigeria has one of the highest rates of new infections globally. To control HIV infection in Nigeria, there is a need to continually screen high‐risk groups for early HIV infection and subtypes using very sensitive methods. In this study, new HIV‐1 infection and circulating HIV‐1 subtypes among febrile persons and blood donors were determined. Performance characteristics of three commercial EIA kits were also evaluated. Methods In total, 1028 participants were recruited for the study. New HIV‐1 infection and subtypes were determined using enzyme immunoassays and molecular techniques, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and agreements were compared among the EIA kits using PCR‐confirmed HIV‐positive and negative samples. Results The overall prevalence of HIV infection in this study was 5.35%. The rate of new HIV infection was significantly different (p < .03674) among 1028 febrile persons (Ibadan: 2.22%; Saki: 1.36%) and blood donors (5.07%) studied. Three subtypes, CRF02_AG, A, and G, were found among those with new HIV infection. Whereas the commercial ELISA kits had very high specificities (94.12%, 100%, and 100%) for HIV‐1 detection, Alere Determine HIV‐1 antibody rapid kit had the lowest sensitivity score (50%). Conclusion Genetic diversity of HIV‐1 strains among infected individuals in Oyo State, Nigeria, is still relatively high. This high level of diversity of HIV‐1 strains may impact the reliability of diagnosis of the virus in Nigeria and other African countries where many of the virus strains co‐circulate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New infections and HIV‐1 subtypes among febrile persons and blood donors in Oyo State, Nigeria

Olusola

Olaleye

Odaibo

2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…However, low levels of LTK activation occur, so the virus prevents actin from performing and reduces intracellular p24 levels. This suggests that the signaling pathway would be related to the transcription of the virus ( 63 ). Also, the interaction between the activation of the glycoprotein and the CD4+ T cells activates the PI3K pathway responsible for regulating the migration of T cells and promoting the entry of viral particles after HIV-1 infection ( 64 ).…”

Section: Spread Of Virus In the Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Approaches to Dendritic Cell-Based Therapeutic Vaccines Against HIV-1 Infection

Espinar-Buitrago

Muñoz‐Fernández

2022

Front. Immunol.

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Due to the success of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in recent years, the pathological outcome of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has improved substantially, achieving undetectable viral loads in most cases. Nevertheless, the presence of a viral reservoir formed by latently infected cells results in patients having to maintain treatment for life. In the absence of effective eradication strategies against HIV-1, research efforts are focused on obtaining a cure. One of these approaches is the creation of therapeutic vaccines. In this sense, the most promising one up to now is based on the establishing of the immunological synapse between dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocytes (TL). DCs are one of the first cells of the immune system to encounter HIV-1 by acting as antigen presenting cells, bringing about the interaction between innate and adaptive immune responses mediated by TL. Furthermore, TL are the end effector, and their response capacity is essential in the adaptive elimination of cells infected by pathogens. In this review, we summarize the knowledge of the interaction between DCs with TL, as well as the characterization of the specific T-cell response against HIV-1 infection. The use of nanotechnology in the design and improvement of vaccines based on DCs has been researched and presented here with a special emphasis.

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“…In order to sustain the gains of HIV control in the country, there is the need to diagnose persons at the early stages of HIV-1 infection as well as monitor high risk groups such as voluntary blood donors. Voluntary blood donors may fuel the spread of the virus as there is still high prevalence of unscreened or improperly screened HIV infected blood in Nigeria and other developing countries 18,19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Early HIV-1 Infection among Febrile Persons and Blood Donors in Oyo State, Nigeria

Olusola

Odaibo

2020

Preprint

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About 37.9 million persons are infected with HIV globally resulting in 770,000 deaths. Over 50% of this infection and deaths occur in Sub-Saharan Africa with countries like Nigeria greatly affected. The country also has one of the highest rates of new infections globally. Diverse HIV-1 subtypes have been identified in the country. Febrile persons and blood donors pose a great transmission risk in the country especially during the early stages of infection. HIV-1 rapid kits are routinely used for diagnosis among the general population and high-risk groups. However, there is limited information on the usefulness of HIV rapid kits for early detection especially in areas where diverse HIV-1 subtypes circulate. In this study, the prevalence of early HIV-1 infection as well as circulating HIV-1 subtypes among febrile persons and blood donors were determined. Furthermore, the sensitivity of a widely used HIV-1 rapid antibody kit was compared with those of Antigen/Antibody ELISA based methods. Participants were recruited from selected hospitals in Ibadan and Saki, Nigeria. The prevalence of early HIV infection among 1028 febrile persons (Ibadan: 2.22%; Saki: 1.36%) and blood donors (5.07%) studied were significantly different (P<0.03674). CRF02_AG was the predominant subtype detected with more diverse HIV-1 subtypes observed among febrile persons compared to blood donors. About 1.2% of the samples detected on Antibody-based ELISA methods were undetectable on the HIV-1 rapid antibody kit. Genetic diversity of HIV-1 strains among infected individuals in Oyo State, Nigeria is still relatively high. This diversity is likely impacting on the diagnosis.

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HIV P24 antigen among HIV antibody seronegative blood donors in Osogbo Osun State, South Western Nigeria

Abstract: The association of the HIV p24 antigen with blood donation was highly significant (p = 0.000) and pose a great risk to recipients if screening of blood donor is only carried out by HIV antibody detection.

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

New infections and HIV‐1 subtypes among febrile persons and blood donors in Oyo State, Nigeria

New infections and HIV‐1 subtypes among febrile persons and blood donors in Oyo State, Nigeria

New Approaches to Dendritic Cell-Based Therapeutic Vaccines Against HIV-1 Infection

Detection of Early HIV-1 Infection among Febrile Persons and Blood Donors in Oyo State, Nigeria

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