HIV prevalence and trends from data in Zimbabwe, 1997-2004

Mahomva, Agnes; Greby, Stacie M.; Dube, Sabada; Mugurungi, Owen; Hargrove, John W.; Rosen, Daniel H.; Dehne, K-L; Gregson, Simon; Louis, Michael St.; Hader, S.

doi:10.1136/sti.2005.019174

Cited by 87 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Antenatal clinic data show HIV infection levels in pregnant women hovering at 30%-32% in the early 2000s before declining to 24% in 2004. In the capital, Harare, prevalence among pregnant women peaked at over 36% in 1996 before falling to approximately 21% in mid-2004 (Mahomva et al, 2006;Hargrove et al, 2005;Mugurungi et al, 2005). However, inconsistencies and biases in some of the data mean that the extent of the decline in HIV prevalence might not be as substantial as indicated by the antenatal clinic HIV data .…”

Section: Southern Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The observed declines in prevalence appear to be related to a combination of factors, especially reductions in casual sex relations with non-regular partners, along with increases in condom use and later sexual debuts (Mahomva et al, 2006;. In Manicaland in [2001][2002][2003], for example, half as many sexually experienced men (49%) said they had recently had sex with a casual partner, compared with 1998-2000.…”

Section: Southern Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grand challenges in chronic non-communicable diseases

Daar

Сингер

Persad

et al. 2007

Nature

557

379

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Section: Southern Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Southern Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Grand challenges in chronic non-communicable diseases

Daar

Сингер

Persad

et al. 2007

Nature

557

379

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Recent estimates indicate that over 20% of women aged 15-49 years presenting for antenatal care (ANC) are HIV-infected. 1 Several trials have reported the efficacy of simple, low-cost antiretroviral prophylactic regimens to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. [2][3][4] Although prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) interventions using single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP) have been implemented in many urban and rural clinics in Zimbabwe, 5 uptake of these interventions remains low, primarily due to poor antenatal HIV testing rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routine offer of antenatal HIV testing (“opt-out” approach) to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV in urban Zimbabwe

Chandisarewa

Stranix‐Chibanda

Chirapa

et al. 2007

Bull. World Health Organ.

143

169

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Objective To assess the impact of routine antenatal HIV testing for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in urban Zimbabwe. Methods Community counsellors were trained in routine HIV testing policy using a specific training module from June 2005 through November 2005. Key outcomes during the first 6 months of routine testing were compared with the prior 6-month "opt-in" period, and clients were interviewed. Findings Of the 4551 women presenting for antenatal care during the first 6 months of routine HIV testing, 4547 (99.9%) were tested for HIV compared with 3058 (65%) of 4700 women during the last 6 months of the opt-in testing (P < 0.001), with a corresponding increase in the numbers of HIV-infected women identified antenatally (926 compared with 513, P < 0.001). During routine testing, more HIV-infected women collected results compared to the opt-in testing (908 compared with 487, P < 0.001) resulting in a significant increase in deliveries by HIV-infected women (256 compared with 186, P = 0.001); more mother/infant pairs received antiretroviral prophylaxis (n = 256) compared to the opt-in testing (n = 185); and more mother/infant pairs followed up at clinics (105 compared with 49, P = 0.002). Women were satisfied with counselling services and most (89%) stated that offering routine testing is helpful. HIV-infected women reported low levels of spousal abuse and other adverse social consequences.

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“…13---15 Infants born in southern Africa during the late 1990s were exposed to exceptionally high risks of acquiring HIV infection, with no effective prevention interventions in place and national antenatal surveys of pregnant women showing an HIV prevalence of 30% or higher in several countries, including Zimbabwe. 16 Although infant diagnosis is well established, the need to consider HIV in acutely or chronically unwell older children has not been emphasized, leaving guardians and health providers alike potentially unaware of the high risk of HIV as the underlying cause of ill health in older children and adolescents in this region. 12,17 Without this awareness, older children may not be offered HIV testing and guardians may feel unable to raise their suspicion of HIV with health providers, resulting in failure to diagnose underlying HIV despite frequent consultations.…”

Section: ---10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of Risk of Vertically Acquired HIV Infection and Acceptability of Provider-Initiated Testing and Counseling Among Adolescents in Zimbabwe

et al. 2011

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Objectives. We investigated attitudes toward provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling (PITC) in the suburbs of Harare, Zimbabwe, where late presentation after mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT) is a major cause of adolescent mortality. Methods. Adolescents (10–18 years) attending 2 primary clinics were offered PITC. Participants completed a questionnaire investigating acceptability of PITC, and in-depth interviews with 41 adolescents and 30 guardians explored understanding of long-term survival after MTCT. Results. Of 506 participants, 16 were known to be HIV-positive; of the remaining 490, only 5 (1%) declined HIV testing. Infected adolescents and their guardians often anticipated a positive result and reported being advised by relatives (but not health workers) to be tested because of chronic illness, especially if parents or siblings had died or were HIV-infected. However, HIV-negative participants were not aware that long-term survival following MTCT could occur. All adolescents felt that HIV diagnosed at their age would be assumed to have been sexually acquired regardless of the true mode of transmission. Conclusions. Including late diagnosis of MTCT in pretest counseling and health educational messages may facilitate PITC for older children and adolescents, especially for those who have not had their sexual debut.

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HIV prevalence and trends from data in Zimbabwe, 1997-2004

Cited by 87 publications

References 2 publications

Grand challenges in chronic non-communicable diseases

Grand challenges in chronic non-communicable diseases

Routine offer of antenatal HIV testing (“opt-out” approach) to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV in urban Zimbabwe

Perception of Risk of Vertically Acquired HIV Infection and Acceptability of Provider-Initiated Testing and Counseling Among Adolescents in Zimbabwe

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