HIV risk among drug-using men who have sex with men, men selling sex, and transgender individuals in Vietnam

Vu, Bao Ngoc; Mulvey, Kevin P.; Baldwin, Simon; Nguyen, Son Thanh

doi:10.1080/13691058.2011.630756

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For example, surveillance reports show that the prevalence of HIV among MSM in Hanoi is currently estimated to be 19.8% (an increase from 11.0% in 2006; Ministry of Health, 2010, 2011). Similar increases were observed among MSM in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), currently estimated at 14.3% (an increase from 6.2% in 2006) and there is general agreement that sharp increases in the use of synthetic drugs (notably ATS) have contributed to sexual transmission among MSM (Vu et al, 2012). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…While most of these synthetic substances are not injected, and hence do not confer the same risks for injection-mediated HIV transmission, there is nevertheless substantive concern regarding the potential for these substances to contribute to sexual risk. Indeed, STI/HIV rates have increased sharply concomitant with rapid increases in the availability and use of synthetic drugs, particularly in younger age cohorts (Vu et al, 2012, Clatts et al, 2010). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there has been only one published study of MSW themselves in Vietnam (Mimiaga et al, 2013). Moreover, although several studies of the general MSM population in Vietnam have suggested that alcohol and drug use (particularly ATS) may contribute to sexual risk (Vu et al, 2012), most of the available data is correlational and the actual impact of drug and alcohol use on sexual risk in various subpopulations of MSM remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Substance use among male sex workers in Vietnam: Prevalence, onset, and interactions with sexual risk

Clatts

Goldsamt

et al. 2015

International Journal of Drug Policy

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Background HIV research in Vietnam has focused primarily on its large heroin injector population. Data on men who have sex with men [MSM], particularly the large and growing population of men who exchange sex for money or other material rewards, male sex workers [MSWs], is very limited. Methods Data derive from a cross-sectional study of MSW, age 16-35, recruited using community sampling methods in three cities in 2010-2011, including Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City [HCMC], and Nha Trang City (n=710). Assessments included demographic characteristics, substance use, sexual risk, and use of health services. A series of “event” questions were used to assess the influence of alcohol and drugs on sexual risk. Results Both tobacco and alcohol are initiated at a young age and most participants currently use both substances overall across all three cities. While alcohol and tobacco use precede the initiation of sex work, stimulant and opiate use are initiated following the initiation of sex work. There was substantial overlap between substance use and sexual risk, and this overlap was strongest in sexual events involving male and female elective partners rather than sex work clients. Conclusion Although rates of HIV infection in this group are low, this may be an artifact of the young age of the sample. High rates of drug use, including alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs, coupled with high rates of ulcerative STIs such as HPV, suggest the potential for rapid amplification of STI/HIV risk among MSW and their complex sex partnering networks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Substance use among male sex workers in Vietnam: Prevalence, onset, and interactions with sexual risk

Clatts

Goldsamt

et al. 2015

International Journal of Drug Policy

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“…Drug use has a strong link with male-to-male commercial sex. 22,23 As shown in our study, MSM who self-identified as heterosexual males may play an important role in acting as a bridge for HIV/STIs from high-risk populations to the general population because of their prevalent bisexual behaviors and low condom usage in both male and female partnerships. Similar to findings among Cambodian MSM, 24 our results strongly indicated that having unprotected sex with an FSW significantly increased the likelihood of HIV infection among Vietnamese MSM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Prevalence of HIV/STIs and Associated Factors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in An Giang, Vietnam

Pham¹,

Nguyen²,

Hoang³

et al. 2012

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

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“…Among the factors contributing to the growth of HIV infection rates in MSM populations, drug abuse has emerged as a significant contributing factor, both in relation to sexual risk as well as in the context of injection mediated transmission risk (Go et al, 2011, Quan et al, 2010, Thanh et al, 2009, Clatts et al, 2007, Vu et al, 2012, Clatts et al, 2010). Male sex workers (MSW), notably a group that is represented within the YMSM population as a whole, are of particular concern in relation to risk for HIV infection because they may have high risk behavioral interactions with multiple populations with high background HIV seroprevalence, including adult MSM (clients that purchase sex as well as non-client partners), injection drug users (IDUs) and female sex workers (Baral et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Initiation and Complex Recent Polydrug Use Patterns Among Male Sex Workers in Vietnam: A Preliminary Epidemiological Trajectory

Goldsamt

Clatts

et al. 2016

Arch Sex Behav

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Little is known about the age of onset of sexual and drug risk and their association with complex patterns of recent drug use among male sex workers (MSW) in a developing country, such as Vietnam. The aim of this study was to determine whether latent class analysis (LCA) would aid in the detection of current individual and polydrug use combinations to predict how different trajectories of sexual and drug initiation contribute to different patterns of current illicit drug use. Data were collected from a cross-sectional survey administered to young male sex workers between 2010 and 2011 in Vietnam (N = 710). Latent class analysis (LCA) clustered participants into recent drug use groups, incorporating both the specific types and overall count of different drugs used. Men reported drug use within a one month period from an 11-item drug use list. LCA identified 3 distinct drug use classes: 1) alcohol use, 2) alcohol and tobacco use and 3) high polydrug use. The current drug use classes are associated with sex worker status, housing stability, income level, educational attainment, marital status, sexual identity and sexual preferences. High levels of drug use are strongly associated with being a recent sex worker, not having recent stable housing, higher than median income, more than a high school education, less likely to be currently in school and more likely to have non-homosexual preferences and heterosexual partners. An event history analysis approach (time-event displays) examined the timing of the age of onset of drug and sexual risks. Early ages of drug and sexual initiation are seen for all three classes. High current drug users show earlier onset of these risks, which are significantly delayed for moderate and low current drug users. LCA incorporating an overall count of different drugs detected 3 distinct current drug use classes. The data illustrates that the complexity of drug factors that must be accounted for, both in advancing our epidemiological understanding of the complexity of drug use and the use of drug and sexual risk initiation data to predict current drug use subtypes among high risk populations.

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HIV risk among drug-using men who have sex with men, men selling sex, and transgender individuals in Vietnam

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Substance use among male sex workers in Vietnam: Prevalence, onset, and interactions with sexual risk

Substance use among male sex workers in Vietnam: Prevalence, onset, and interactions with sexual risk

Prevalence of HIV/STIs and Associated Factors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in An Giang, Vietnam

Sexual Initiation and Complex Recent Polydrug Use Patterns Among Male Sex Workers in Vietnam: A Preliminary Epidemiological Trajectory

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