HIV Testing and Preventive Services Accessibility Among Men Who Have Sex With Men at High Risk of HIV Infection in Beijing, China

Zhao, Yingying; Zhang, Li; Zhang, Heng; Xia, Dongyan; Pan, Stephen W.; Yue, Hongni; Lu, Hongzhou; Xing, Hui; He, Xiaoqing; Shao, Yiming; Ruan, Yuhua

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000000534

Cited by 35 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In this study, the adjusted rate of prior HIV testing in Zhejiang Province was 55.9 %, which is lower than the reported rates in Beijing (69.9 %) [22] and higher than the prior HIV testing rate in the whole country in 2009 (51.2 %) [23]. However, there is still a great disparity in HIV testing rates between Zhejiang Province and developed countries, such as Australia (80.5 %) [14] and the USA (90 %) [15].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Prevalence of prior HIV testing and associated factors among MSM in Zhejiang Province, China: a cross-sectional study

Li¹,

Pan²,

Ma³

et al. 2016

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundMen who have sex with men (MSM) have become one of high-risk population for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, due to their multiple sex partners and unprotected anal intercourse. Promoting HIV testing is an effective strategy for the prevention and control of HIV infection. We assessed the factors associated with a prior HIV testing history, which could provide guidance for implementation of future HIV intervention programs.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in three cities of Zhejiang Province, namely, Hangzhou, Ningbo and Wenzhou, using respondent-driven sampling, between December 2013 and June 2014. A face-to-face questionnaire survey was employed to collect relevant information about HIV testing. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with a prior HIV testing history.ResultsThe adjusted rate of prior HIV testing among MSM in Zhejiang Province was 55.9 %. The adjusted rates of HIV and syphilis infections among MSM in Zhejiang Province were 14.0 % and 11.4 %, respectively. A weighted multivariate analysis showed that MSM of older age were more likely to be tested, as were MSM with higher level of education, self-reported homosexuality and a higher frequency of receiving AIDS/sexually transmitted infections educational intervention in the past year. MSM with suicidal inclination and self-perceived lower possibility of HIV infection were less likely to report ever having undergone an HIV test.ConclusionsThe prevalence of prior HIV testing among MSM in Zhejiang Province, China is low. Effective and more frequent interventional measures should be adopted to improve risk awareness and psychosocial support for younger, less educated MSM, and to encourage more MSM to undergo HIV testing.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Prevalence of prior HIV testing and associated factors among MSM in Zhejiang Province, China: a cross-sectional study

Li¹,

Pan²,

Ma³

et al. 2016

BMC Public Health

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“…34 Our study is also consistent with findings from previous studies among Chinese MSM that “ever-testers” had a lower likelihood of being HIV-infected than non-testers. 17,42–44 We observed a strong signal that higher lifetime HIV testing frequency was associated with a decreased odds of HIV infection among Chinese MSM. In our study, the benefit of HIV testing for reducing HIV risk was most notable among men who had ≥10 lifetime male sexual partners.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…17,58 This relatively high testing rate masks huge challenges. Among these ever-testers, nearly 71% of them had been sexually active with men for >5 years, but only 21% tested ≥5 times, which signaled a relatively low repeated testing rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4–14 HIV testing is the entry point for health services, risk reduction counseling, and the benefits of early ART. 2,15–17 Moreover, seropositive individuals who are aware of their HIV status are often less likely to engage in high-risk behaviors. 18 Reduced risky behaviors, in combination with early and sustained ART adherence, can reduce the likelihood of HIV transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25–27 In contrast, Chinese policies focus on expanding coverage without specific recommended testing frequencies. 17 Previous studies also suggested some key barriers resulting in suboptimal HIV testing experience among Chinese MSM, such as low perception of HIV risk, inconvenient clinic time/location, HIV stigma/discrimination, name-based testing policy to potentially harm confidentiality, lack of professionalism and low quality in HIV testing service provision. 28,29 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frequent HIV Testing: Impact on HIV Risk Among Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men

Liu

Qian

Ruan³

et al. 2016

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Background The HIV epidemic continues to expand among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. The NIMH Project Accept/HPTN 043 trial suggested a borderline significant trend towards HIV incidence reduction among persons with higher testing rates. Methods We assessed HIV testing histories and infection status among a community-based Beijing MSM. HIV serostatus was lab-confirmed. We ascertained demographic/behavioral factors via questionnaire-based interviews. Associations of prior HIV testing with odds of current HIV infection were assessed, seeking improved like-with-like risk comparisons through multivariable logistic regression analysis with propensity score adjustment and restricted cubic spline modeling. Results Among 3,588 participants, 12.7% were HIV-infected; 70.8 % reported having ever tested for HIV. Compared to MSM who never tested, those ever testing had a 41% reduction in the odds of being HIV-positive (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.48, 0.74). Higher HIV testing frequencies were associated with a decreasing trend in the odds of being infected with HIV vs. a referent group with no prior testing (>6 tests [aOR: 0.27; 95%CI: 0.18, 0.41]; 4–6 [aOR: 0.55; 95%CI: 0.39, 0.78]; 2–3 [aOR: 0.61; 95%CI: 0.45, 0.82]; P for trend <0.001). The multivariable adjusted model with restricted cubic spline of HIV testing frequency showed a higher frequency of prior HIV testing associated with lower odds of HIV infection, particularly among men with ≥10 lifetime male sexual partners. Conclusions Using risk probability adjustments to enable less biased comparisons, frequent HIV testing was associated with a lower HIV odds among Chinese MSM.

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Factors associated with HIV testing among young men who have sex with men in Myanmar: a cross‐sectional study

Pham

Aung

Paing³

et al. 2017

J Intern AIDS Soc

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IntroductionIn Myanmar, men who have sex with men (MSM) experience high risk of HIV infection. However, access to HIV testing and prevention services remains a challenge among this marginalized population. The objective of this study was to estimate population prevalence and correlates of prior HIV testing among young MSM (YMSM) and informs the development of HIV testing and intervention programmes that respond to the specific needs of this population.MethodsFive hundred and eighty‐five YMSM aged 18 to 24 years were recruited using respondent‐driven sampling (RDS) in a cross‐sectional survey conducted in six townships of Myanmar. RDS‐adjusted population estimates were calculated to estimate prevalence of HIV testing; RDS‐weighted logistic regression was used to examine correlates of HIV testing in the past 6 months and in a lifetime.ResultsThere were 12 participants who reported receiving a HIV‐positive test; of those, five were tested in the past 6 months. The RDS‐weighted prevalence estimates of lifetime (any prior) HIV testing was 60.6% (95% CI: 53.3% to 66.4%) and of recent (≤ 6 months) HIV testing was 50.1% (95% CI: 44.1% to 55.5%). In multivariable analysis, sexual identity was associated with lifetime but not recent HIV testing. Lifetime and recent HIV testing were associated with having three or more male sexual partners in the past 12 months (adjusted ORs (aORs) = 2.28, 95% CIs: 1.21 to 4.32 and 2.69, 95% CI: 1.59 to 4.56), having good HIV‐related knowledge (aORs = 1.96, 95% CIs: 1.11 to 3.44 and 1.77, 95% CI: 1.08 to 2.89), reporting high HIV testing self‐efficacy (aORs = 13.5, 95% CIs: 6.0 to 30.1 and 9.81, 95% CI: 4.27 to 22.6) and having access to and use of non‐HIV health‐related services in the past 12 months (aORs = 13.2, 95% CIs: 6.85 to 25.6 and 7.15, 95% CI: 4.08 to 12.5) respectively.Conclusions HIV testing coverage among YMSM aged 18 to 24 years old in Myanmar is still suboptimal. Integrated HIV testing and prevention services in existing health service provision systems with tailored HIV information and education programmes targeting YMSM to improve HIV‐related knowledge and self‐efficacy may help to promote regular HIV testing behaviour and contribute to sustainable control of the HIV epidemic among this marginalized population in Myanmar.

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HIV Testing and Preventive Services Accessibility Among Men Who Have Sex With Men at High Risk of HIV Infection in Beijing, China

Cited by 35 publications

References 31 publications

Prevalence of prior HIV testing and associated factors among MSM in Zhejiang Province, China: a cross-sectional study

Prevalence of prior HIV testing and associated factors among MSM in Zhejiang Province, China: a cross-sectional study

Frequent HIV Testing: Impact on HIV Risk Among Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men

Factors associated with HIV testing among young men who have sex with men in Myanmar: a cross‐sectional study

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