HIV Testing Frequency Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Attending Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics: Implications for HIV Prevention and Surveillance

Helms, Donna J.; Weinstock, Hillard; Mahle, K; Bernstein, Kyle T.; Furness, Bruce W.; Kent, Charlotte K.; Rietmeijer, Cornelis A.; Shahkolahi, Akbar; Golden, Matthew R.

doi:10.1097/qai.0b013e3181945f03

Cited by 62 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…For example, the positivity rate (number of HIV-positive tests divided by number of tests conducted) for firsttime tests (4.1%) was similar to repeat tests (3.7%). These rates are consistent with positivity rates (3.8%) reported among MSM testing through STD clinics (Helms et al, 2009). Additionally, testing and positivity levels were most prevalent among 20-to 29-year-olds and less prevalent in older age groups, for both first-time and repeat test groups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…There is evidence that most MSM are repeat or regular testers (Fernyak et al, 2002;Helms et al, 2009;Lauby & Milnamow, 2009), indicating frequent opportunities to engage in client-centered risk counseling and be exposed to HIV prevention messages. However, some studies have indicated that MSM who test repeatedly have higher levels of risky sexual and drug-use behavior and greater HIV prevalence than MSM who have tested only once (Fernyak et al, 2002;MacKellar et al, 2002;Sifakis et al, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of First-Time and Repeat HIV Tests Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Who Test at CDC-Supported Sites, 2007

Fisher¹,

Habarta²,

Hardnett³

et al. 2011

AIDS Education and Prevention

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This report describes characteristics of HIV test data for men who have sex with men (MSM) tested in 2007 through programs funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). HIV test-level data of MSM submitted by 29 health departments were analyzed to explore test characteristics among all tests, first-time tests, and repeat tests. Characteristics significantly associated with HIV-positive results among first-time tests were identified through logistic regression. Of the 129,893 tests conducted, 18% were first-time tests and 82% were repeat tests. HIV positivity among firsttime tests was 4.1% and 3.7% among repeat tests. Among first-time tests, 46% of tests were among White MSM and 48% of HIV-positive test results were among African Americans. An HIV-positive test among first-time tests was strongly associated with being African American, being 40-49 years old, and testing in the southern United States. Race/ethnicity differences exist among MSM testing at CDC-funded sites. African American MSM accounted for the greatest proportion of HIV-positive results but White MSM represented the greatest proportion of tests conducted. HIV prevention strategies that include CDC-funded testing for MSM should increase targeting of African Americans.Men who have sex with men (MSM) bear the greatest burden of HIV infection in the United States. In 2009, male-to-male sexual contact accounted for 23,846 (75%) of the 31,872 estimated new diagnoses among males in 40 states with confidential, name-based HIV reporting (CDC, 2009a). In a meta-analysis of data on same-sex behavior collected from nationally representative samples of men, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated the rate of new HIV diagnoses among MSM to be more than 44 times that of other men and more than 40 times that of women (Purcell et al., 2010). These analyses were based on new estimates of the size of the U.S. population of MSM-according to CDC estimates, 4% of U.S. males had sex with other males in the last 5 years.HIV incidence surveillance data have indicated new infections for all risk groups (MSM, heterosexuals, injection drug users [IDUs], and MSM/IDUs) peaked in the

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of First-Time and Repeat HIV Tests Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Who Test at CDC-Supported Sites, 2007

Fisher¹,

Habarta²,

Hardnett³

et al. 2011

AIDS Education and Prevention

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show abstract

“…Gonorrhoea and chlamydia were found in 26% and 19%, respectively, among newly HIVdiagnosed MSM in San Francisco [100]. Concurrent chlamydia, Gonorrhoea and syphilis were significant predictors of new HIV in four US metropolitan areas 2002-2006 [101]. Ano-rectal Gonorrhoea is an independent risk factor for HIV seroconversion [102] and high rates of new HIV infections have been observed after ano-rectal Gonorrhoea [98].…”

Section: Hivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) in Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM)

Bratt¹,

Edlund²,

Cullberg³

et al. 2009

TOIDJ

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Abstract:The impact of increasingly efficient antiretroviral therapy (ART) on survival and general well-being has contributed to a "business as usual" attitude to sex among men who have sex with men (MSM). There has been a recent marked increase of sexually transmitted infections (STI) including syphilis, LGV and Hepatits C among MSM. STIs located in the oral cavity or rectum are asymptomatic in over 80% and 50%, respectively and these sites must be seen as important reservoirs. On the other hand severe proctitis may be mistreated as inflammatory bowel disease without adequate medical history and testing. Due to the reappearance of syphilis, all genital ulcers, non-itching exanthema and severe disease symptoms (e.g. fever, fatigue, lymphadenopathy, hepato-splenomegaly, increased liver enzymes, neurological and ophthalmologic symptoms without other explanations) should lead to testing for syphilis. There is a marked association between STIs and HIV. Syphilis, LGV and Hepatits C are strongly overrepresented in HIV positive MSM, while gonorrhoea, LGV and syphilis increase the HIV susceptibility. Syphilis leads to increased viral load in HIV positive. The major risk factors for Hepatitis B are number of sex partners and receptive anal intercourse. High grade Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) anal lesions can progress to cancer. There is a 30 fold increase risk for anal cancer among MSM, a risk that is doubled in HIV infection, making anal cancer one of the most common non-AIDS tumours. All MSM should be offered Hepatitis A and B vaccination and the inclusion of boys in HPV vaccination programs must be considered. The aim of this article is to describe asymptomatic and symptomatic bacterial and viral STIs of the oral cavity, penis/urethra and rectum and the sexually transmittable viral Hepatitis and HIV in MSM and to inspire the medical establishment to adhere to testing guidelines in this group. This article is built on a review of published findings, the presentation of own data on Gonorrhoea and chlamydia and our own experience in treating all STIs including HIV in MSM since 1982 at a Gay Men's Health Clinic (Venhälsan) at Stockholm South General Hospital, Sweden.

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“…Adherence to this recommendation also became the object of analysis 31,35,36,42 . While repeat testing had initially raised concern, in this new context the "problem" became those who had not tested in the previous year (e.g., Katz et al 38 , Knussen et al 35 ).…”

Section: Recent Test As An Indicator Of Current Individual Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Uso rotineiro do teste anti-HIV entre homens que fazem sexo com homens: do risco à prevenção

et al. 2017

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HIV Testing Frequency Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Attending Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics: Implications for HIV Prevention and Surveillance

Abstract: In MSM seen at 4 STD clinics, the percentage of never previously HIV tested is decreasing and MSM are testing more frequently.

Cited by 62 publications

References 26 publications

Characteristics of First-Time and Repeat HIV Tests Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Who Test at CDC-Supported Sites, 2007

Characteristics of First-Time and Repeat HIV Tests Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Who Test at CDC-Supported Sites, 2007

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) in Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM)

Uso rotineiro do teste anti-HIV entre homens que fazem sexo com homens: do risco à prevenção

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