HIV Type 1 Genetic Diversity in Newly Diagnosed Cuban Patients

Machado, Liuber Y.; Blanco, Madeline; Dubed, Marta; Díaz, Héctor; Ruíz, Nancy; Váldes, Neysi; Romay, D; Lobaina, Leonor

doi:10.1089/aid.2011.0295

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…As expected, high genetic diversity was observed, a characteristic that has been previously reported in the Cuban HIV-1 epidemic, probably due to its contacts with Central-Africa [17,19,31] At the FPR cut off set to <20% by G2P tool, we found that 38.1% of patients harbored viruses with reduced susceptibility to use CCR5 co-receptor. Furthermore, the predicted X4 phenotype was detected in 14.3% of the 42 sequences analyzed and associated to the presence of the viral variant CRF19_cpx.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Co-Receptor Tropism Determined by Genotypic Assay in HIV-1 Circulating in Cuba

Kourí¹,

Alemán²

2016

J AIDS Clin Res

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Co-Receptor Tropism Determined by Genotypic Assay in HIV-1 Circulating in Cuba

Kourí¹,

Alemán²

2016

J AIDS Clin Res

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“…It will be also interesting to trace the origins and global dispersal pathways of those subtype G lineages found in countries outside sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Cuba [73], [74], [75], Portugal [76], [77], [78], and Russia [79] where this subtype has been disseminated among local populations. It has been showed that the spread of HIV-2 outwards Africa mirrors socio historical ties [80] and a previous study conducted by our group showed that most subtype G Cuban lineages are nested among basal sequences from Central Africa [60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the HIV-1 Subtype G Epidemic in West and Central Africa

2014

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The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype G is the second most prevalent HIV-1 clade in West Africa, accounting for nearly 30% of infections in the region. There is no information about the spatiotemporal dynamics of dissemination of this HIV-1 clade in Africa. To this end, we analyzed a total of 305 HIV-1 subtype G pol sequences isolated from 11 different countries from West and Central Africa over a period of 20 years (1992 to 2011). Evolutionary, phylogeographic and demographic parameters were jointly estimated from sequence data using a Bayesian coalescent-based method. Our analyses indicate that subtype G most probably emerged in Central Africa in 1968 (1956–1976). From Central Africa, the virus was disseminated to West and West Central Africa at multiple times from the middle 1970s onwards. Two subtype G strains probably introduced into Nigeria and Togo between the middle and the late 1970s were disseminated locally and to neighboring countries, leading to the origin of two major western African clades (GWA-I and GWA-II). Subtype G clades circulating in western and central African regions displayed an initial phase of exponential growth followed by a decline in growth rate since the early/middle 1990s; but the mean epidemic growth rate of GWA-I (0.75 year−1) and GWA-II (0.95 year−1) clades was about two times higher than that estimated for central African lineages (0.47 year−1). Notably, the overall evolutionary and demographic history of GWA-I and GWA-II clades was very similar to that estimated for the CRF06_cpx clade circulating in the same region. These results support the notion that the spatiotemporal dissemination dynamics of major HIV-1 clades circulating in western Africa have probably been shaped by the same ecological factors.

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“…The subtype B dominates the HIV-1 epidemic in most Caribbean islands [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], with exception of Cuba where several non-B genetic forms are collectively more prevalent [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20]. Genetic evidence suggests that the HIV-1 subtype B was introduced from Central Africa into America through Haiti around the middle 1960s, coinciding with the return of many Haitian professionals who worked in the Democratic Republic of Congo [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Dissemination of Non-Pandemic HIV-1 Subtype B Clades in the Caribbean Region

2014

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The Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) epidemic in the Caribbean region is mostly driven by subtype B; but information about the pattern of viral spread in this geographic region is scarce and different studies point to quite divergent models of viral dissemination. In this study, we reconstructed the spatiotemporal and population dynamics of the HIV-1 subtype B epidemic in the Caribbean. A total of 1,806 HIV-1 subtype B pol sequences collected from 17 different Caribbean islands between 1996 and 2011 were analyzed together with sequences from the United States (n = 525) and France (n = 340) included as control. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analyses revealed that HIV-1 subtype B infections in the Caribbean are driven by dissemination of the pandemic clade (BPANDEMIC) responsible for most subtype B infections across the world, and older non-pandemic lineages (BCAR) characteristics of the Caribbean region. The non-pandemic BCAR strains account for >40% of HIV-1 infections in most Caribbean islands; with exception of Cuba and Puerto Rico. Bayesian phylogeographic analyses indicate that BCAR strains probably arose in the island of Hispaniola (Haiti/Dominican Republic) around the middle 1960s and were later disseminated to Trinidad and Tobago and to Jamaica between the late 1960s and the early 1970s. In the following years, the BCAR strains were also disseminated from Hispaniola and Trinidad and Tobago to other Lesser Antilles islands at multiple times. The BCAR clades circulating in Hispaniola, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago appear to have experienced an initial phase of exponential growth, with mean estimated growth rates of 0.35–0.45 year−1, followed by a more recent stabilization since the middle 1990s. These results demonstrate that non-pandemic subtype B lineages have been widely disseminated through the Caribbean since the late 1960s and account for an important fraction of current HIV-1 infections in the region.

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HIV Type 1 Genetic Diversity in Newly Diagnosed Cuban Patients

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Co-Receptor Tropism Determined by Genotypic Assay in HIV-1 Circulating in Cuba

Co-Receptor Tropism Determined by Genotypic Assay in HIV-1 Circulating in Cuba

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the HIV-1 Subtype G Epidemic in West and Central Africa

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Dissemination of Non-Pandemic HIV-1 Subtype B Clades in the Caribbean Region

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