HLA‐DQ‐conferred risk for type 1 diabetes does not alter neutralizing antibody response to a widely used enterovirus vaccine, the poliovirus vaccine

Abstract

This study investigated whether children with HLA-DQ-conferred risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D) have an altered immune response to the widely-used enterovirus vaccine, namely poliovirus vaccine, and whether initiation of autoimmunity to pancreatic islets modulates this response. Neutralizing antibodies induced by the inactivated poliovirus vaccine against poliovirus type 1 (Salk) were analysed as a marker of protective immunity at the age of 18 months in a prospective birth cohort. No differences were observed in antibody titers between children with and without genetic risk for T1D (odds ratio[OR] = 0.90 [0.83, 1.06], p = 0.30). In the presence of the genetic risk, no difference was observed between children with and without islet autoimmunity (OR = 1.00 [0.78, 1.28], p = 1.00). This did not change when only children with the autoimmunity before 18 months of age were included in the analyses (OR = 1.00 [0.85, 1.18], p = 1.00). No effect was observed when groups were stratified based on autoantigen specificity of the first-appearing autoantibody (IAA or GADA). The children in each comparison group were matched for sex,

Safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of PRV-101, a multivalent vaccine targeting coxsackie B viruses (CVBs) associated with type 1 diabetes: a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled Phase I trial

“…At the end of the study, 6 months after the third dose of the vaccine, >90% of participants had titres of 8 or higher against all five serotypes. The neutralising antibody levels were comparable with the neutralising poliovirus antibody levels previously seen in children who had received three or four doses of an inactivated poliovirus vaccine a few months before sampling, when using the same plaque reduction assay as in the current study [ 34 ]. The magnitude of the PRV-101-induced CVB antibody responses also compares well with those induced by prototype CVB vaccines in our preclinical studies in mice and rhesus macaques [ 24 , 25 ].…”