Hmagic

Kurauchi, Andrew; Feng, Wenxin; Morimoto, Carlos H.; Betke, Margrit

doi:10.1145/2769493.2769550

Cited by 29 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Look&Lean was first to demonstrate combined use for gaze-centric precise pointing, but limited to use of lateral head motion observed by an eye tracker as corrective input [Špakov et al 2014]. Other work, such as HMAGIC, has been based on models of gaze-assisted head-pointing [Jalaliniya et al 2015;Kurauchi et al 2015]. Pinpointing compared head versus eyes as primary pointing modes, and a variety of techniques for subsequent selection refinement [Kytö et al 2018].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Head pointing, in particular, is interesting for complementing gaze, as head movement affords stable and precise input while retaining the advantage of hands-free pointing [Bates and Istance 2003]. Head correction of gaze has been demonstrated on displays with narrow-field-of-view (FOV), where gaze shifts were assumed to be performed by the eyes alone, thus allowing head movement to be treated as independent input for relative cursor displacement [Jalaliniya et al 2015;Kurauchi et al 2015;Kytö et al 2018;Špakov et al 2014]. However, eye movement research has shown that only small gaze shifts are performed solely with eye movement, whereas more significant shifts naturally feature head movement to reach targets and maintain a comfortable eye-in-head position [Freedman and Sparks 2000;Land 2004].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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BimodalGaze: Seamlessly Refined Pointing with Gaze and Filtered Gestural Head Movement

Sidenmark

Mardanbegi

Gómez

et al. 2020

ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

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Figure 1: BimodalGaze enables users to point by gaze and to seamlessly refine the cursor position with head movement. A: In Gaze Mode, the cursor (yellow) follows where the user looks but may not be sufficiently accurate. B: The pointer automatically switches into Head Mode (green) when gestural head movement is detected. C: The pointer automatically switches back into Gaze Mode when the user redirects their attention. Note that the Head Mode is only invoked when needed for adjustment of the cursor. Any natural head movement associated with a gaze shift is filtered and does not cause a mode switch.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BimodalGaze: Seamlessly Refined Pointing with Gaze and Filtered Gestural Head Movement

Sidenmark

Mardanbegi

Gómez

et al. 2020

ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

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“…In Eye-SeeThrough, head movement controls a toolglass that can be moved over gaze-fixated targets [29]. Other work has supplemented eye pointing with subsequent refinement of the selection by head movement [18,19,22,49]. Recently,Pinpointing compared head versus eyes as primary pointing modes, and a variety of techniques for subsequent selection refinement [23].…”

Section: Combination Of Eye and Head Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye&Head

Sidenmark

Gellersen

2019

Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology

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Eye gaze involves the coordination of eye and head movement to acquire gaze targets, but existing approaches to gaze pointing are based on eye-tracking in abstraction from head motion. We propose to leverage the synergetic movement of eye and head, and identify design principles for Eye&Head gaze interaction. We introduce three novel techniques that build on the distinction of head-supported versus eyes-only gaze, to enable dynamic coupling of gaze and pointer, hover interaction, visual exploration around pre-selections, and iterative and fast confirmation of targets. We demonstrate Eye&Head interaction on applications in virtual reality, and evaluate our techniques against baselines in pointing and confirmation studies. Our results show that Eye&Head techniques enable novel gaze behaviours that provide users with more control and flexibility in fast gaze pointing and selection.

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“…Eye-head combination capitalises on the strengths of both modalities, with the eyes providing fast and precise input while head movements enable finer adjustments. Moreover, eye-head techniques for pointing have been found to achieve faster speeds than head-only techniques [19,21,40].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

GazeSwitch: Automatic Eye-Head Mode Switching for Optimised Hands-Free Pointing

Hou,

Newn,

Sidenmark

et al. 2024

Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.

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This paper contributes GazeSwitch, an ML-based technique that optimises the real-time switching between eye and head modes for fast and precise hands-free pointing. GazeSwitch reduces false positives from natural head movements and efficiently detects head gestures for input, resulting in an effective hands-free and adaptive technique for interaction. We conducted two user studies to evaluate its performance and user experience. Comparative analyses with baseline switching techniques, Eye+Head Pinpointing (manual) and BimodalGaze (threshold-based) revealed several trade-offs. We found that GazeSwitch provides a natural and effortless experience but trades off control and stability compared to manual mode switching, and requires less head movement compared to BimodalGaze. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of machine learning approach to learn and adapt to patterns in head movement, allowing us to better leverage the synergistic relation between eye and head input modalities for interaction in mixed and extended reality.

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Hmagic

Cited by 29 publications

References 7 publications

BimodalGaze: Seamlessly Refined Pointing with Gaze and Filtered Gestural Head Movement

BimodalGaze: Seamlessly Refined Pointing with Gaze and Filtered Gestural Head Movement

Eye&Head

GazeSwitch: Automatic Eye-Head Mode Switching for Optimised Hands-Free Pointing

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