HMB‐45 may be a more sensitive maker than S‐100 or Melan‐A for immunohistochemical diagnosis of primary oral and nasal mucosal melanomas

Yu, Chuan‐Hang; Chen, Huang-Hsu; Liu, Chia‐Ming; Jeng, Yung‐Ming; Wang, Jeng-Tzung; Wang, Yiping; Liu, Bu-Yuan; Sun, Aihua; Chiang, Chun-Pin

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0714.2005.00340.x

Cited by 56 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…5,14,18,24,27 Other markers, such as Melan-A, HMB-45, TRP-1, TRP-2, tyrosinase, tyrosine hydroxylase, and PNL2, are supposedly more specific for melanocytes and melanocytic neoplasms. [6][7][8]25,28,29,40,41,43,44 Melan-A is a product of the MART-1 gene, which is recognized as an antigen on neoplastic melanocytes by autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes. 20,27,31,35 Monoclonal antibodies against HMB-45 recognize the melanosomal glycoprotein gp-100, which specifically defines a premelanosomal antigen in fetal melanocytes and melanocytic neoplasms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical Diagnosis of Canine Oral Amelanotic Melanocytic Neoplasms

et al. 2010

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Definitive diagnosis of canine oral melanocytic neoplasms is often difficult because of variability in pigmentation and cellular pleomorphism. These neoplasms can resemble carcinomas, sarcomas, and round cell neoplasms, which differ in prognosis and treatment. A variety of immunohistochemical antibodies have been used for diagnosis of melanocytic neoplasms in humans and dogs; however, sensitivity and specificity of many markers have not been determined in amelanotic melanocytic neoplasms in dogs. The authors investigated a comprehensive panel of immunohistochemical markers in 49 canine oral amelanotic melanocytic neoplasms-namely, Melan-A, PNL2, HMB-45, microphthalmia transcription factor (MiTF), S-100, tyrosine hydroxylase, tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related proteins 1 and 2 (TRP-1 and TRP-2), and CD34. Ten well-differentiated cutaneous soft tissue spindle cell sarcomas were negative controls. Melan-A, PNL2, TRP-1, and TRP-2 were highly sensitive and 100% specific for the diagnosis of canine oral amelanotic melanocytic neoplasms. S-100 and MiTF showed high sensitivity but were less specific; that is, they also labeled a proportion of the soft tissue spindle cell sarcomas. HMB-45, tyrosinase, and tyrosine hydroxylase were 100% specific but had low sensitivities. CD34 did not label any of the melanocytic neoplasms but did label 80% of the soft tissue spindle cell sarcomas. A cost-effective and efficient immunodiagnostic cocktail containing antibodies against PNL2, Melan-A, TRP-1, and TRP-2 was created that had 100% specificity and 93.9% sensitivity in identifying canine oral amelanotic melanocytic neoplasms. The spindloid variant was the variant with the lowest sensitivity to the cocktail. The likelihood of correctly diagnosing canine oral amelanotic melanocytic neoplasms was dramatically higher when biopsy samples contained ample overlying and adjacent epithelium.

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confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical Diagnosis of Canine Oral Amelanotic Melanocytic Neoplasms

et al. 2010

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“…In consequence, although S100 protein may be a sensitive marker, it is a nonspecific one 20 . Regarding primary mucosal melanomas, one study showed 88% positivity for this marker, placing S100 in an immunohistochemical panel of high positivity rate 21 . The Melan-A gene, also known as MART-1 (Melanoma Antigen Recognised by T-cells), was cloned from a melanoma cell line.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary sinonasal mucosal melanoma – Case report and literature review

Evsei

Birceanu-Corobea

Melinte

et al. 2017

Romanian Journal of Rhinology

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BACKGROUND. Primary sinonasal mucosal melanoma is a rare tumor with a poor survival rate. There is an inherent difficulty in diagnosing these lesions, especially because their complex anatomic locations and symptoms can be frequently confused with other benign or malignant processes. The purpose of our study was to report a difficult case and review the literature and recent research on therapeutic modalities. MATERIAL AND METHODS. We herein report a 61-year-old female patient, with a history of right eye enucleation and prosthesis, who presented with obstruction of the left nostril, anterior and posterior mucopurulent rhinorrhea, anosmia, left facial numbness, left exophthalmia accompanied by ipsilateral epiphora and decreased visual acuity. RESULTS. Clinical and imagistic testing revealed a large, grayish, fleshy tumor localized in the left maxillary sinus, with extension to the left orbit (producing osteolysis of the inferior and medial orbital walls), nasopharynx, ethmoidal cells and left frontal sinus. Pathological and immunohistochemical examination confirmed the diagnosis of mucosal melanoma. Other primary sites were excluded. The patient succumbed shortly after, following only palliative treatment. CONCLUSION. Early diagnosis of primary sinonasal mucosal melanoma is essential but very difficult to detect. Any symptoms such as unilateral epistaxis or nasal obstruction in a patient over the age of 60 should be rendered suspicious. Pathological and immunohistochemical examination for diagnosis and prognostic factors are important. Although surgery is the first option for treatment, one must consider, according to tumor staging, radiotherapy and chemotherapy with immunotherapy as a viable course of treatment for advanced cases.

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“…However, S-100p lacks specificity because it can also be detected in Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, Schwann cells, and a wide range of tumors (17,18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In primary melanoma lesions, the mean sensitivity of MART-1 expression is f84% (range, 75-97%; refs. 18,21,22,24). About 76% (range, 71-81%) of metastatic melanoma lesions express MART-1 (18,21,22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human High Molecular Weight–Melanoma-Associated Antigen: Utility for Detection of Metastatic Melanoma in Sentinel Lymph Nodes

Goto

Ferrone

Arigami

et al. 2008

Clinical Cancer Research

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Purpose: Detection of micrometastasis in melanoma-draining lymph nodes is important for staging and prognosis. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) using S-100p-HMB-45^, and MART-1^specfic antibodies is used for detecting metastases in sentinel lymph nodes (SLN). However, improvement in IHC is needed for melanoma micrometastasis detection. Experimental Design: Paraffin-embedded archival tissue (PEAT) specimens were obtained from 42 non-SLN macrometastases, 42 SLN metastases, and 16 tumor-negative SLNs of 100 melanoma patients who underwent SLN biopsy. PEAT specimens were assessed by IHC with high molecular weight-melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA)^specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and with S-100p-, HMB-45^, and MART-1^specific antibodies. Quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR assay was used for HMW-MAA and MART-1 mRNA detection. Results: Expression frequency and immunostaining intensity were higher for HMW-MAA than MART-1in nodal macrometastases (P < 0.0001and P < 0.0001, respectively) and micrometastases (P < 0.0001and P = 0.004, respectively). All 52 (100%) macrometastases were positive with HMW-MAA^specific mAbs, whereas 43 (83%) were positive with MART-1^specific mAbs. In a comparison analysis, 23 of 23 (100%) micrometastases were HMW-MAA^positive, whereas 21 (91%) and 18 (78%) specimens were S-100p^and HMB-45^positive, respectively. Quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR analysis of 48 nodal metastases showed HMW-MAA mRNA detection in SLNs with metastases. Conclusions: HMW-MAA is more sensitive and specific than MART-1, S-100p, and HMB-45 for IHC-based detection of SLN micrometastases. SLN PEAT^based detection specificity of melanoma micrometastases can be improved by IHC with HMW-MAA^specific mAbs.

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HMB‐45 may be a more sensitive maker than S‐100 or Melan‐A for immunohistochemical diagnosis of primary oral and nasal mucosal melanomas

Cited by 56 publications

References 19 publications

Immunohistochemical Diagnosis of Canine Oral Amelanotic Melanocytic Neoplasms

Immunohistochemical Diagnosis of Canine Oral Amelanotic Melanocytic Neoplasms

Primary sinonasal mucosal melanoma – Case report and literature review

Human High Molecular Weight–Melanoma-Associated Antigen: Utility for Detection of Metastatic Melanoma in Sentinel Lymph Nodes

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