HMDs as enablers of situation awareness: the OODA loop and sense-making

Melzer, James E.

doi:10.1117/12.920844

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The scenarios include general low-visibility conditions due to adverse weather (fog, clouds, rain, darkness) as well as rotorcraft-speci c scenarios like brownout/whiteout landings (where swirled-up particles degrade the pilot's out-the-window view). In such conditions, an HWD can synthetically provide missing outside visual cues and thereby increase the situation awareness of the crew [15]. Within their DVE Mitigation (DVE-M) program, the U.S. Army put great e ort into the development of an enhanced vision system for their helicopters.…”

Section: Head-worn Display Symbologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Cockpit Instruments—How Head-Worn Displays Can Enhance the Obstacle Awareness of Helicopter Pilots

Ernst

Ebrecht

Korn

2021

IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag.

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The rise of augmented reality glasses and related technologies o ers new possibilities for the human-machine interface design of future aircraft. Today, head-worn displays (HWDs) are mainly used by military pilots, for instance by helicopter crews for low-visibility operations close to ground and obstacles. Nevertheless, recent technological advances in this area allow the prediction that these systems could become available for more pilots in the future. This work presents a concept how state-of-the-art HWD symbology can be expanded to get even more out of the advantages of this technology. With so-called "virtual cockpit instruments" (VCIs), an HWD can show information which is conventionally rendered on panel-mounted displays. These VCIs can be imagined as virtual display screens which can be positioned freely around the pilot. Their major bene t is that they create many new options for the design of a exible, situation-adaptive cockpit environment. This paper introduces the general concept and presents several options how such an approach can be put into practice. Here, the concept is applied to helicopter operations in o shore windparks. We implemented a VCI-adapted obstacle awareness display and assessed a set of positioning variants for the new VCI. Two simulator studies -with 11 and 7 participants -provide interesting insights on the realization of this concept. In addition to high subjective ratings, the VCI signi cantly increased the pilot's head-up, eyes-out time -an important measure for challenging maneuvers close to obstacles. Overall, this work illustrates a promising concept for the human-machine interface design of future cockpits and discusses its potentials and limitations.

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Section: Head-worn Display Symbologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Cockpit Instruments—How Head-Worn Displays Can Enhance the Obstacle Awareness of Helicopter Pilots

Ernst

Ebrecht

Korn

2021

IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag.

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“…In either case, such imagery allows the pilot to have key information always in front of him to allow him to be more eyes-out while flying. 5 The first helmet mounted sight was developed by South Africa to aid in the targeting heat seeking missiles on the Mirage F1AZ. 6 This was followed in the early 1970's by the United States Navy's Visual Target Acquisition System (VTAS), developed by Honeywell, that provided simple ring and center dot targeting imagery.…”

Section: The First Fixed Wing Helmet Mounted Sightmentioning

confidence: 99%

A history of helmet mounted displays

Foote

Melzer

2015

SPIE Proceedings

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In more than 40 years of development, the Helmet-Mounted Display (HMD) has become a key part of the equipment for fixed and rotary wing pilots and ground soldiers, proving to be a force multiplier and reducing user workload. Rockwell Collins has been a key player in the development of modern HMD technology and is currently fielding major HMDs supporting pilots around the world including the Joint Hemet Mounted Cueing System (JHMCS) and Strike Eye. This paper will outline the history of HMDs over the last 40 years for fixed wing, rotorcraft and soldiers and discuss Rockwell Collins' role. We will discuss the development and testing required for introduction of HMDs into the modern pilot environment. Within the paper we will point out some of the misconceptions, facts and legends of HMDS.

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“…The research on the WTA problem can provide accurate and reliable WTA schemes for commanders in different complex battlefield environments. It can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of observeorient-decide-act (OODA) Loop [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%