HMGB2 expression is associated with transition from a quiescent to an activated state of adult neural stem cells

Abstract

Background: Although quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult hippocampus proliferate in response to neurogenic stimuli and subsequently give rise to new neurons continuously throughout life, misregulation of NSCs in pathological conditions, including aging, leads to the impairment of learning and memory. High mobility group B family 1 (HMGB1) and HMGB2, HMG family proteins that function as transcriptional activators through the modulation of chromatin structure, have been assumed to play some role in the regulation of adult NSCs; however, their precise functions and even expression patterns in the adult hippocampus remain elusive. Results: Here we show that expression of HMGB2 but not HMGB1 is restricted to the subset of NSCs and their progenitors. Furthermore, running, a well-known positive neurogenic stimulus, increased the proliferation of HMGB2-expressing cells, whereas aging was accompanied by a marked decrease in these cells. Intriguingly, HMGB2-expressing quiescent NSCs, which were shifted toward the proliferative state, were decreased as aging progressed. Conclusions: HMGB2 expression is strongly associated with transition from the quiescent to the proliferative state of NSCs, supporting the possibility that HMGB2 is involved in the regulation of adult neurogenesis and can be used as a novel marker to identify NSCs primed for activation in the adult hippocampus. Developmental Dynamics 247:229-238, 2018. V C 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The Dynamic Proteome of Oligodendrocyte Lineage Differentiation Features Planar Cell Polarity and Macroautophagy Pathways

“…[ 96 ]. A number of them are known to be associated with NSC development and function such as SMOC1 [ 101 ], SOX2, CRABP1 [ 104 ], CSRP2 [ 106 ], CRABP2 [ 143 ], CTNND2 [ 144 ], SOX3, MSI1 [ 145 ], HMGB2 [ 146 ], and LAMB1 [ 147 ]. Moreover, among the 129 upregulated STSPs at the NSC (d8) stage, 36 STSPs (PS 3) show a transient trend as their abundances decrease while approaching the NPC (d12) state.…”

Molecular Mechanisms Governing the Stem Cell’s Fate in Brain Cancer: Factors of Stemness and Quiescence

“…HMGB1 and HMGB2 were listed as especially over-expressed during the activation of qNSCs in the adult dentate gyrus (Shin et al, 2015 ). Addittionally, HMGB2 expression is strongly associated with transition from the quiescent to the proliferative state of NSCs (Kimura et al, 2018 ).…”

Nonhistone Proteins HMGB1 and HMGB2 Differentially Modulate the Response of Human Embryonic Stem Cells and the Progenitor Cells to the Anticancer Drug Etoposide

“…Recent findings suggest that HMGB proteins could differentially affect neurogenesis through the regulation of neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and survival [ 13 , 33 , 34 ]. Previous studies demonstrated the involvement of SOX2 and PAX6 (markers of stem/progenitor cell proliferation and neurogenesis) in the developing human nervous system [ 35 ] and the derivation of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) from hESCs [ 36 ].…”

“…Although their DNA binding preferences are similar, their protein binding partners are mostly distinct [ 4 , 52 ]. HMGB1 is indispensable for life, whereas HMGB2 −/− knockout mice are able to survive with reduced fertility and spermatogenesis defects [ 34 , 53 , 54 ]. HMGB1 expression is ubiquitous, but HMGB2 is widely expressed during embryogenesis [ 54 ] and also in adults, mainly in the lymphoid organs and testes [ 18 ].…”

“…HMGB1 expression is ubiquitous, but HMGB2 is widely expressed during embryogenesis [ 54 ] and also in adults, mainly in the lymphoid organs and testes [ 18 ]. HMGB2 has various functions in distinct differentiation programs, such as erythropoiesis, chondrogenesis, and regulation of neurogenesis ([ 14 , 34 , 55 ] and refs. therein).…”